阿希尔·姆本贝

Agora

阿希尔·姆本贝

1957年生

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

现代权力不只是治理生命的权力，而是决定谁可以活、谁必须死的权力——这是殖民主义和奴隶制的遗产。

定位

非洲与非洲裔哲学 · 撒哈拉以南非洲 · 政治与法, 社会与历史

喀麦隆历史学家和政治理论家：“死亡政治”（necropolitics）把主权命名为决定谁可以活、谁必须死的权力。

核心思想

死亡政治
后殖民地
《黑人理性批判》

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影响

受影响于 6

汉娜·阿伦特

受其影响 ✓
In “Necropolitics” (2003) Mbembe drew, alongside Foucault’s biopower, on Arendt’s analysis of race, colonial rule and the camps in The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951) to describe the colony as the place where sovereignty is exercised as the right to kill. A. Mbembe, “Necropolitics”, Public Culture 15:1 (2003), 11–40
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
汉娜·阿伦特 › 1906–1975
弗朗茨·法农

受其影响 ✓
Mbembe read Fanon as a thinker of the universal, taking up his critique of colonial racism in a critique of ‘Black reason’ (Critique de la raison nègre, 2013). A. Mbembe, Critique de la raison nègre (2013); “L’universalité de Frantz Fanon”, preface to F. Fanon, Œuvres (2011)
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
弗朗茨·法农 › 1925–1961
米歇尔·福柯

受其影响 ✓
Mbembe extended Foucault’s biopower into ‘necropolitics’: sovereignty shows itself in deciding who may live and who must die, from plantation to colony (‘Necropolitics’, 2003). A. Mbembe, “Necropolitics”, Public Culture 15 (2003); M. Foucault, « Il faut défendre la société » (lectures 1976; publ. 1997)
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
米歇尔·福柯 › 1926–1984
法比恩·埃布西·布拉加

受其影响 ✓
Mbembe, in an obituary (2018) and a dossier with Nadia Yala Kisukidi (2019), placed Eboussi Boulaga’s work in the project of ‘writing the world from Africa’. A. Mbembe, “Fabien Eboussi Boulaga, disparition d’un ‘inlassable veilleur’”, Le Monde (15 Oct. 2018); N. Y. Kisukidi and A. Mbembe, “Eboussi Boulaga. Défaites et utopies”, Politique africaine (2019); F. Eboussi Boulaga, La Crise du Muntu (1977)
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
法比恩·埃布西·布拉加 › 1934–2018
恩古吉·瓦·提昂戈

受其影响
Mbembe took up Ngũgĩ’s Decolonising the Mind and his idea of decolonisation as a continuing process of “seeing ourselves clearly” in the debates on decolonising South African universities. A. Mbembe, “Decolonizing Knowledge and the Question of the Archive” (lecture, WISER, Johannesburg, 2015)
依据: AI 草稿
恩古吉·瓦·提昂戈 › 1938–2025
乔治·阿甘本

受其影响
Mbembe drew on Agamben’s state of exception and the camp as paradigm of sovereignty in describing colonial and occupied zones as spaces of necropower (‘Necropolitics’, 2003). A. Mbembe, “Necropolitics”, Public Culture 15 (2003); Politiques de l’inimitié (2016); G. Agamben, Homo sacer (1995)
依据: AI 草稿
乔治·阿甘本 › 1942年生

批评

批评了 1

格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔

批评了
In Critique of Black Reason (2013) Mbembe read Hegel’s account of Africa in Reason in History – figures lacking language and self-awareness – as the culmination of a Western race discourse that defined Africa by absence. A. Mbembe, Critique de la raison nègre (2013; English Critique of Black Reason, 2017), ch. 1 “The Subject of Race”
依据: AI 草稿
格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔 › 1770–1831

作品

2000论后殖民（De la postcolonie）
后殖民非洲的权力：统治者与被统治者共享一种过度与粗俗的美学，支配与共谋在其中相互交织。
2003死亡政治（Necropolitics）
从种植园到殖民地再到占领：主权是对死亡的支配权力。
2013黑人理性批判（Critique de la raison nègre）
“黑人”这一形象如何在大西洋奴隶贸易、殖民主义和种族思想中被发明出来——以及在新自由主义资本主义之下，曾强加于黑人的处境如何有普遍化之虞。

立场

Mbembe analyses power after colonialism. In On the Postcolony he described how authoritarian African regimes and their subjects are bound together in a world of excess, spectacle and grotesque laughter. His essay Necropolitics extends Foucault’s idea of biopolitics: modern sovereignty shows itself not only in managing life but in deciding who may live and who must die, from the plantation and the colony to zones of occupation. In Critique of Black Reason he traces how the figure of the “Black” was invented to justify slavery and exploitation – and warns that such logics now threaten ever more people worldwide. He is a key voice of postcolonial theory.

生平与背景

Mbembe was born in Cameroon in 1957 and studied in Yaoundé and Paris, where he earned his doctorate in history at the Sorbonne. He taught at universities in the United States, including Columbia and Yale, and directed the African social science council CODESRIA in Dakar. Since 2001 he has worked at the Wits Institute for Social and Economic Research in Johannesburg.