何塞·卡洛斯·马里亚特吉

Agora

何塞·卡洛斯·马里亚特吉

1894–1930

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

秘鲁原住民所受的压迫关乎土地，而拉丁美洲的社会主义必须从安第斯的共同体传统中生长出来，而不是照搬欧洲。

定位

拉丁美洲与加勒比哲学 · 拉丁美洲与加勒比 · 政治与法, 社会与历史

秘鲁马克思主义者：“印第安人问题”是土地问题；印第安美洲的社会主义必须建立在安第斯共同体传统之上，而不是照搬欧洲。

核心思想

印第安美洲社会主义
土地问题
神话与革命

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影响

受影响于 5

印加·加西拉索·德拉维加

受其影响
Mariátegui called Garcilaso the first Peruvian, who nonetheless remained Spanish, making him the start of a Peruvian literature joining both heritages (Siete ensayos, 1928). J. C. Mariátegui, Siete ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana (1928), “El proceso de la literatura”
依据: AI 草稿
印加·加西拉索·德拉维加 › 1539–1616
卡尔·马克思

受其影响
Mariátegui applied Marx’s method to Peru, treating the ‘problem of the Indian’ as a problem of land, not of race or education (Siete ensayos, 1928). J. C. Mariátegui, Siete ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana (1928), “El problema del indio”; Defensa del marxismo (1928–29)
依据: AI 草稿
卡尔·马克思 › 1818–1883
弗里德里希·尼采

受其影响
In the foreword to Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality (1928) Mariátegui said his work followed Nietzsche’s wish for an author whose thoughts form a book spontaneously, not one bent on producing a book deliberately. J. C. Mariátegui, Siete ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana (1928), “Advertencia”
依据: AI 草稿
弗里德里希·尼采 › 1844–1900
米格尔·德·乌纳穆诺

受其影响
Reviewing Unamuno’s The Agony of Christianity (1926), Mariátegui took up its reading of agony as struggle; this agonistic faith fed into his view of socialism as a living struggle rather than a settled doctrine. J. C. Mariátegui, “La agonía del cristianismo” (1926), in Signos y obras; M. de Unamuno, La agonía del cristianismo (written 1924, first published in French, 1925)
依据: AI 草稿
米格尔·德·乌纳穆诺 › 1864–1936
贝内德托·克罗齐

受其影响
In Defence of Marxism (1928–29, ch. IV and VI) Mariátegui invoked Croce’s essays on historical materialism – the link between Hegel and Marx merely psychological, socialism grounded in a historical conception – against readings of Marxism as determinism and as a doctrine without ethics. J. C. Mariátegui, Defensa del marxismo (1928–29; book 1934), ch. IV “La filosofía moderna y el marxismo” and VI “Ética y socialismo”
依据: AI 草稿
贝内德托·克罗齐 › 1866–1952

影响了 2

古斯塔沃·古铁雷斯

影响了
Gutiérrez took up Mariátegui’s call for a socialism that is no mere borrowing but a heroic creation of its own, in his Latin American theology (Teología de la liberación, 1971). G. Gutiérrez, Teología de la liberación: Perspectivas (1971); J. C. Mariátegui, “Aniversario y balance”, Amauta 17 (1928)
依据: AI 草稿
古斯塔沃·古铁雷斯 › 1928–2024
阿尼瓦尔·基哈诺

影响了
Quijano introduced Mariátegui’s Siete ensayos (1979 edition) and built on his analysis of the colonial roots of Peruvian society for the coloniality of power. A. Quijano, prologue to J. C. Mariátegui, 7 ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana (Biblioteca Ayacucho, 1979); Reencuentro y debate: Una introducción a Mariátegui (1981)
依据: AI 草稿
阿尼瓦尔·基哈诺 › 1928–2018

批评

批评了 1

莫罕达斯·甘地

批评了
In The Contemporary Scene (1925) Mariátegui admired Gandhi’s moral force and his influence across Asia but judged his work more religious and moral than political: Gandhi was the apostle of a religious movement rather than the leader of India’s liberation, his rejection of the West and the machine taken from Ruskin and Tolstoy. J. C. Mariátegui, La escena contemporánea (1925), “Gandhi”
依据: AI 草稿
莫罕达斯·甘地 › 1869–1948

作品

1928关于秘鲁国情的七篇解释性论文
对秘鲁的马克思主义分析——经济、土地、教育、文学——其中原住民问题就是土地问题。

立场

Mariátegui wanted a socialism for Latin America that would be neither imitation nor replica but “heroic creation”. In the Seven Essays he argued that the “problem of the Indian” is not racial, moral or educational but economic: it is rooted in the land system of large estates and local bosses (gamonalismo). Socialism in Peru could build on the communal traditions of the Andean ayllu. Influenced by Georges Sorel, he held that revolution needs a mobilising myth and faith, not scientific analysis alone. His independent line brought conflict with the Communist International and with Haya de la Torre’s APRA. Quijano, Gutiérrez and later decolonial thinkers drew heavily on him.

生平与背景

José Carlos Mariátegui was born in Moquegua, Peru, in 1894 and grew up poor; with little schooling, he rose through journalism in Lima. From 1919 to 1923 he lived in Europe, mostly in Italy, where he turned to Marxism. Back in Peru he lost a leg in 1924, founded the journal Amauta in 1926 and the Peruvian Socialist Party in 1928. He died in Lima in 1930, aged thirty-five.

其他主要作品

The Contemporary Scene (La escena contemporánea, 1925)
Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality (Siete ensayos de interpretación de la realidad peruana, 1928)
Defence of Marxism (Defensa del marxismo, essays 1928–29)