让·鲍德里亚
在媒体社会中，符号不再指向实在，而只指向其他符号，所以没有原本的复制品变得比真实更真实。
定位
拟像与拟真：符号只指向其他符号——超真实。
核心思想
- 拟像
- 超真实
影响
受影响于 3
弗里德里希·尼采
受其影响 ✓
Baudrillard said he had been a great devotee of Nietzsche, more ingrained than cited (Baudrillard Live, 1993); commentators link his simulacra to Nietzsche’s ‘true world’ become fable. M. Gane (ed.), Baudrillard Live: Selected Interviews (1993); F. Nietzsche, Götzen-Dämmerung (1889); SEP “Jean Baudrillard”
弗里德里希·尼采 › 1844–1900
瓦尔特·本雅明
受其影响 ✓
Baudrillard took Benjamin’s analysis of technical reproducibility (1935–36) as a step toward his order of simulacra, in which reproduction precedes any original (L’échange symbolique et la mort, 1976). J. Baudrillard, L’échange symbolique et la mort (1976); W. Benjamin, “Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit” (1935–36); SEP “Jean Baudrillard”
瓦尔特·本雅明 › 1892–1940
罗兰·巴特
受其影响 ✓
Baudrillard applied Barthes’s semiology of myth and fashion to consumer goods, analysing everyday objects as a system of signs (Le système des objets, 1968). J. Baudrillard, Le système des objets (1968); R. Barthes, Mythologies (1957); Système de la mode (1967); SEP “Jean Baudrillard”
罗兰·巴特 › 1915–1980
影响了 1
杰拉尔德·维泽诺
影响了
In Manifest Manners (1994) Vizenor took up Baudrillard’s concept of simulation to describe the ‘indian’ as a colonial simulation behind which real Native people disappear. G. Vizenor, Manifest Manners: Postindian Warriors of Survivance (1994); J. Baudrillard, Simulacres et simulation (1981)
依据: AI 草稿
杰拉尔德·维泽诺 › 1934年生
批评
批评了 2
卡尔·马克思 受其影响
受其影响 ✓
Baudrillard extended Marx’s analysis of the commodity to consumption, adding sign value to use and exchange value (Pour une critique de l’économie politique du signe, 1972). J. Baudrillard, La société de consommation (1970); Pour une critique de l’économie politique du signe (1972); SEP “Jean Baudrillard”
批评了
In The Mirror of Production (1973) Baudrillard argued that Marx’s critique remains within the productivist logic of the political economy it criticises, as its mirror image. J. Baudrillard, Le miroir de la production (1973)
依据: AI 草稿
卡尔·马克思 › 1818–1883
米歇尔·福柯
批评了
In Oublier Foucault (1977) Baudrillard argued that Foucault’s analysis of power and sexuality mirrors the powers it describes, just as these are dissolving into simulation. J. Baudrillard, Oublier Foucault (1977)
依据: AI 草稿
米歇尔·福柯 › 1926–1984
作品
立场
Baudrillard began with a critique of consumer society: we buy objects less for their use than as signs of status and difference. Gradually he turned against Marxism, which in his view remained trapped in the logic of production. His best-known thesis is the theory of simulation: in media society, images and signs no longer refer to a reality behind them but only to other signs. Copies without originals – simulacra – produce a “hyperreality” that seems more real than the real; like a map that precedes the territory. Disneyland, opinion polls or televised wars were his examples, culminating in the provocative essay “The Gulf War Did Not Take Place.” His ideas influenced media theory, art and even the film The Matrix.
生平与背景
Baudrillard was born in Reims in 1929 and first worked as a German teacher and translator of authors such as Brecht and Peter Weiss. He studied sociology with Henri Lefebvre and taught from 1966 at the University of Paris X Nanterre, where he witnessed the student revolt of 1968. He later became a widely read essayist and also worked as a photographer.
其他主要作品
- The System of Objects (1968)
- The Consumer Society (1970)
- Symbolic Exchange and Death (1976)
- Simulacra and Simulation (1981)
- America (1986)
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