आर्ली रसेल हॉक्सचाइल्ड
अनेक नौकरियाँ हमसे अपनी भावनाओं को प्रबंधित करने और बेचने की माँग करती हैं, जैसे विमान-परिचारिका की मुस्कान – और कामकाजी स्त्रियों को घर पर प्रायः घरेलू काम की एक दूसरी पाली करनी पड़ती है।
पृष्ठभूमि
“भावनात्मक श्रम” की अवधारणा गढ़ी: भावनाएँ सामाजिक नियमों के अनुसार प्रबंधित की जाती हैं और नौकरी के हिस्से के रूप में बेची जाती हैं – और घर पर कामकाजी स्त्रियाँ एक “दूसरी पाली” करती हैं।
मुख्य विचार
- भावनात्मक श्रम
- भावना के नियम
- दूसरी पाली
- वैश्विक देखभाल-शृंखलाएँ
- सहानुभूति की दीवार और गहरी कहानी
गुरु: इरविंग गोफमैन
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 3
कार्ल मार्क्स
जिनसे प्रभावित
Hochschild opened The Managed Heart (1983) with Marx’s child worker in Capital: as factory work estranged workers from their labour, emotional labour can estrange them from their feelings. A. R. Hochschild, The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling (1983); K. Marx, Das Kapital I (1867)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
कार्ल मार्क्स › 1818–1883
सी. राइट मिल्स
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Hochschild started from Mills’s ‘personality market’ in White Collar (1951), where salespeople sell their personality, and studied how such emotional labour is managed (The Managed Heart, 1983). A. R. Hochschild, The Managed Heart (1983); C. W. Mills, White Collar: The American Middle Classes (1951)
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
सी. राइट मिल्स › 1916–1962
इरविंग गोफमैन जिनसे पढ़ा
जिनसे पढ़ा
Hochschild studied sociology at Berkeley (MA 1965, PhD 1969) and names Goffman among the teachers there she was privileged to work with; The Managed Heart (1983) builds on his dramaturgy. Classroom teaching, not supervision. UC Berkeley, Department of Sociology, alumni page “Arlie Hochschild (1962)”; A. R. Hochschild, The Managed Heart (1983)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
इरविंग गोफमैन › 1922–1982
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 1
एवा इलुज़
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Illouz built on Hochschild’s feeling rules and emotional labour (The Managed Heart, 1983) to describe how capitalism and intimacy shape each other (Cold Intimacies, 2007). E. Illouz, Cold Intimacies (2007); A. R. Hochschild, The Managed Heart (1983)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
एवा इलुज़ › जन्म 1961
कृतियाँ
- 1983द मैनेज्ड हार्ट
विमान-परिचारिकाओं और ऋण-वसूली करने वालों को भावनाएँ उत्पन्न करने के लिए वेतन मिलता है: “भावनात्मक श्रम” अपनी ही भावनाओं के प्रबंधन को पण्य बना देता है।
मत
Hochschild helped found the sociology of emotions on the insight that feelings are not only private states but are shaped by social rules. In The Managed Heart (1983), based on research with Delta Air Lines flight attendants and with bill collectors, she showed that many service jobs require “emotional labour”: workers must produce a feeling in others – calm, trust, fear – by managing their own. “Feeling rules” prescribe what one ought to feel at a funeral or a wedding, and we comply by “surface acting” or, more deeply, by changing the feeling itself. When the company owns the smile, workers can become estranged from their own emotions, much as Marx’s factory workers were estranged from their labour. The Second Shift (1989) found that employed mothers in dual-earner couples still did most of the housework and childcare – a “stalled revolution”. Later she followed care across borders in “global care chains”, in which migrant women look after children in rich countries while others look after their own children at home. In Strangers in Their Own Land she tried to climb the “empathy wall” between liberal and conservative America by reconstructing the “deep story” – the story as felt – behind people’s politics.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Arlie Russell Hochschild was born in Boston in 1940. Her father was a diplomat, and she later recalled wondering, as a child at her parents’ receptions, whether the diplomats’ smiles were real. She studied international relations at Swarthmore College and sociology at the University of California, Berkeley, where Erving Goffman was among her teachers, and took her doctorate there in 1969. After teaching at Santa Cruz she returned to Berkeley in 1971 and taught there until her retirement; she is professor emerita. She is married to the writer Adam Hochschild. Beyond academic sociology she has reached a wide public: Strangers in Their Own Land (2016), about Tea Party supporters in Louisiana, was a finalist for the National Book Award.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- The Managed Heart (1983)
- The Second Shift (with Anne Machung, 1989)
- The Time Bind (1997)
- Strangers in Their Own Land (2016)
- Stolen Pride (2024)
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