सी. राइट मिल्स
आपकी निजी समस्याएँ – नौकरी खोना, विफल होता विवाह – प्रायः सार्वजनिक प्रश्न हैं, और इस संबंध को देखना समाजशास्त्र का मर्म है।
पृष्ठभूमि
अमेरिकी समाजशास्त्र के विद्रोही: समाजशास्त्रीय कल्पना व्यक्तिगत कष्टों को सार्वजनिक प्रश्नों से जोड़ती है, और एक अजवाबदेह “सत्ता-अभिजन” युद्धोत्तर अमेरिका पर शासन करता है।
मुख्य विचार
- समाजशास्त्रीय कल्पना
- व्यक्तिगत कष्ट बनाम सार्वजनिक प्रश्न
- सत्ता-अभिजन
- महा-सिद्धांत की आलोचना
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 5
कार्ल मार्क्स
जिनसे प्रभावित
Mills used Marx’s class analysis but replaced ‘ruling class’ with ‘power elite’ to stress institutional power (The Power Elite, 1956), and presented Marx critically in The Marxists (1962). C. W. Mills, The Power Elite (1956); The Marxists (1962)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
कार्ल मार्क्स › 1818–1883
गाएतानो मोस्का
जिनसे प्रभावित
Mills discussed Mosca’s organised ruling minority in The Power Elite (1956) but derived the elite from command posts in corporations, the military and the state. C. W. Mills, The Power Elite (1956); G. Mosca, Elementi di scienza politica (1896); G. Parry, Political Elites (1969)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
गाएतानो मोस्का › 1858–1941
जॉन डुई
जिनसे प्रभावित
Mills wrote his dissertation on pragmatism (1942, printed 1964 as Sociology and Pragmatism), reading Dewey’s theory of inquiry sociologically as tied to the institutions of American higher learning. C. W. Mills, A Sociological Account of Pragmatism (diss., Wisconsin, 1942), printed as Sociology and Pragmatism: The Higher Learning in America (1964)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
जॉन डुई › 1859–1952
जॉर्ज हर्बर्ट मीड
जिनसे प्रभावित
Mills drew on Mead’s social behaviourism to treat motives as socially learned vocabularies that actors use in situations (‘Situated Actions and Vocabularies of Motive’, 1940). C. W. Mills, “Situated Actions and Vocabularies of Motive”, American Sociological Review 5 (1940); H. Gerth and C. W. Mills, Character and Social Structure (1953)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
जॉर्ज हर्बर्ट मीड › 1863–1931
मैक्स वेबर
जिनसे प्रभावित
With Hans Gerth, Mills edited and translated From Max Weber (1946) and took up Weber’s analysis of bureaucracy and status in White Collar (1951). H. H. Gerth and C. W. Mills (eds. and trans.), From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology (1946); C. W. Mills, White Collar (1951)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मैक्स वेबर › 1864–1920
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 1
आर्ली रसेल हॉक्सचाइल्ड
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
Hochschild started from Mills’s ‘personality market’ in White Collar (1951), where salespeople sell their personality, and studied how such emotional labour is managed (The Managed Heart, 1983). A. R. Hochschild, The Managed Heart (1983); C. W. Mills, White Collar: The American Middle Classes (1951)
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
आर्ली रसेल हॉक्सचाइल्ड › जन्म 1940
आलोचना
जिनकी आलोचना की 1
टैल्कॉट पार्सन्स
जिनकी आलोचना की
In The Sociological Imagination (1959) Mills attacked Parsons’s ‘grand theory’, translating passages of The Social System into a few plain sentences and faulting its neglect of power. C. W. Mills, The Sociological Imagination (1959), ch. 2
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
टैल्कॉट पार्सन्स › 1902–1979
कृतियाँ
समाजशास्त्र को “व्यक्तिगत कष्टों” को “सार्वजनिक प्रश्नों” से जोड़ना चाहिए – पार्सन्स के अमूर्त “महा-सिद्धांत” और विचारों के बिना आँकड़े जुटाने के विरुद्ध।
मत
Mills wanted sociology to serve democratic self-understanding. In The Sociological Imagination (1959) he defined its promise as the ability to connect “the personal troubles of milieu” with “the public issues of social structure”: one person’s unemployment is a personal trouble, but when millions are out of work, the cause lies in the economy, not in individual character. The same book attacked two dominant styles of American sociology – the “grand theory” of Talcott Parsons, several pages of which Mills translated into a few plain sentences, and the “abstracted empiricism” of survey research, which piled up data without asking important questions. His earlier studies sketched the new social structure of the United States. White Collar (1951) portrayed the salaried middle class of offices and sales floors, who must sell their personalities along with their labour. The Power Elite (1956) argued that the interlocking leaders of big business, the military and the federal executive made the decisions that shaped the nation, largely beyond democratic control. Drawing on Weber, Marx and the pragmatists, Mills became a model for critical, public sociology and an inspiration for the New Left.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Charles Wright Mills was born in 1916 in Waco, Texas, into a Catholic middle-class family. He studied at Texas A&M and the University of Texas and took his doctorate at the University of Wisconsin in 1942 with a dissertation on the sociology of pragmatism. With his teacher Hans Gerth he edited the influential collection From Max Weber (1946). From 1946 he taught at Columbia University in New York. A motorcycle-riding outsider, he attacked both the academic establishment and the complacency of Cold War America, and travelled to Cuba to write Listen, Yankee (1960) in defence of the revolution. His “Letter to the New Left” (1960) helped popularise the movement’s name. He died of a heart attack in 1962, aged 45.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- From Max Weber (ed. with Hans Gerth, 1946)
- White Collar (1951)
- The Power Elite (1956)
- The Sociological Imagination (1959)
- Listen, Yankee (1960)
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