मास्टर एकहार्ट
सब कुछ छोड़ दें, ईश्वर के बारे में अपनी इच्छाएँ तक, और ईश्वर आपकी आत्मा के गहनतम आधार में जन्म लेगा।
पृष्ठभूमि
रहस्यवादी: विरक्ति (Abgeschiedenheit), निर्लिप्तता (Gelassenheit) और आत्मा के आधार में ईश्वर का जन्म।
मुख्य विचार
- विरक्ति (Abgeschiedenheit) और निर्लिप्तता (Gelassenheit)
- आत्मा का आधार
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 7
ऑगस्टीन
जिनसे प्रभावित
Eckhart radicalised Augustine’s turn inward – God more inward than our inmost self – into the birth of God in the ground of the soul. Augustine, Confessions III.6.11; Meister Eckhart, German sermons; SEP “Meister Eckhart”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
ऑगस्टीन › 354–430
प्रोक्लस
जिनसे प्रभावित
Eckhart knew Proclus’ metaphysics chiefly through the Liber de causis, an Arabic reworking of the Elements of Theology, citing it on the first cause’s immanence, transcendence and ineffability. Liber de causis; M. Raschietti, ‘Meister Eckhart leitor do Liber de causis’, Kriterion 60 (2019); SEP “Meister Eckhart”
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प्रोक्लस › 412–485
छद्म-डायोनिसियस अरेओपागीटेस
जिनसे प्रभावित
Eckhart took up Dionysius’ negative theology – God beyond being and every name – and cited him for the soul’s union with the hidden God. Meister Eckhart, German sermons and Latin works; SEP “Meister Eckhart”; SEP “Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite”
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छद्म-डायोनिसियस अरेओपागीटेस › लगभग 480–530
मैमोनिदेस
जिनसे प्रभावित
Eckhart often cited ‘Rabbi Moses’ in his Latin works, taking up Maimonides’ negative theology of divine names, notably in his commentary on Exodus. Meister Eckhart, Expositio libri Exodi; SEP “Meister Eckhart”; SEP “Maimonides”
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मैमोनिदेस › 1138–1204
अल्बर्ट माग्नुस
जिनसे प्रभावित
Eckhart’s thought shows the influence of Albert’s Neoplatonic Aristotelianism; he cited Albert in an Easter sermon of 1294, but whether he studied under him in Cologne is uncertain. Meister Eckhart, Sermo Paschalis (Paris, 1294); SEP “Meister Eckhart”; SEP “Albert the Great”
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अल्बर्ट माग्नुस › लगभग 1200–1280
थामस एक्विनास
जिनसे प्रभावित
Trained in the Thomism of the Dominican order, Eckhart departed from Thomas in his Parisian Questions (1302–03) by placing understanding above being in God. Meister Eckhart, Quaestiones Parisienses I (1302–03); SEP “Meister Eckhart”
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थामस एक्विनास › लगभग 1225–1274
मार्गरीट पोरेत
जिनसे प्रभावित विवादित
Eckhart’s teaching on the soul’s nothingness and detachment has close parallels in Porete’s Mirror of Simple Souls; he was in Paris in 1311, but direct use is disputed. Marguerite Porete, Le Mirouer des simples ames; B. McGinn (ed.), Meister Eckhart and the Beguine Mystics (1994); SEP “Meister Eckhart”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मार्गरीट पोरेत › लगभग 1250–1310
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 4
कूसा के निकोलस
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Cusanus owned and annotated a large manuscript of Eckhart’s Latin works and defended Eckhart in his Apologia doctae ignorantiae (1449), while warning against reading him publicly. Nicholas of Cusa, Apologia doctae ignorantiae (1449); Cod. Cus. 21 (Bernkastel-Kues); SEP “Nicholas of Cusa”
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कूसा के निकोलस › 1401–1464
मार्टिन हाइडेगर
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Heidegger took the word Gelassenheit from Meister Eckhart for a thinking that lets things be, distancing it from Eckhart’s surrender of self-will to God’s will (Gelassenheit, 1959). M. Heidegger, Gelassenheit (1959); Der Feldweg (1949); J. D. Caputo, The Mystical Element in Heidegger’s Thought (1978); SEP “Meister Eckhart”
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मार्टिन हाइडेगर › 1889–1976
एरिक फ़्रॉम
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
Fromm took Meister Eckhart’s sermon on poverty of spirit as a model of the being mode, as opposed to the having mode (To Have or to Be?, 1976). E. Fromm, To Have or to Be? (1976); Meister Eckhart, sermon “Beati pauperes spiritu”
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
एरिक फ़्रॉम › 1900–1980
निशितानी केइजी
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Nishitani read Meister Eckhart’s breakthrough into the ‘ground’ of the Godhead as a Western counterpart to absolute nothingness (‘God and Absolute Nothingness’, 1948; Religion and Nothingness, 1961). Nishitani Keiji, Kami to zettai mu (1948); Shūkyō to wa nanika (1961); SEP “Nishitani Keiji”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
निशितानी केइजी › 1900–1990
कृतियाँ
- लगभग 1320जर्मन प्रवचन और निबंध
विरक्ति, निर्लिप्तता और आत्मा में ईश्वर के जन्म पर।
मत
Eckhart’s preaching aims at the union of the soul with God. Beyond all images and concepts lies the “ground” of the soul, where God gives birth to his Son in us. To reach it one must let go of everything – possessions, plans, even one’s own will and images of God: this is “releasement” (Gelassenheit) and detachment. God himself is ultimately beyond being, a silent “desert” prior to the persons of the Trinity. Eckhart forged much of the abstract vocabulary of the German language, and his bold paradoxes inspired the German mystics, later Hegel and Heidegger, and modern dialogue with Buddhism and Vedanta.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Born around 1260 in Thuringia, Eckhart became a Dominican, held the master’s chair in Paris twice and led his order in Saxony. Later he preached to religious women and lay people in Strasbourg and Cologne, in German. Accused of heresy in Cologne, he defended himself before the papal court in Avignon and died around 1328, shortly before some of his propositions were condemned in 1329.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Talks of Instruction (c. 1295)
- Opus tripartitum (c. 1310)
- The Book of Divine Consolation (c. 1318)
- German Sermons and Treatises (c. 1320)
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