रेविन कॉनेल
पुरुष होने के अनेक ढंग हैं, जिनमें एक दूसरों पर हावी है – और सामाजिक सिद्धांत को केवल उत्तर से बोलने के बजाय वैश्विक दक्षिण को सुनना चाहिए।
पृष्ठभूमि
ऑस्ट्रेलियाई समाजशास्त्री जिन्होंने वर्चस्वी पुरुषत्व की अवधारणा विकसित की और “सदर्न थ्योरी” में पूछा कि सामाजिक सिद्धांत सार्वभौमिकता का दावा करते हुए लगभग पूरी तरह वैश्विक उत्तर में क्यों बना है।
मुख्य विचार
- वर्चस्वी पुरुषत्व
- जेंडर-व्यवस्था
- सदर्न थ्योरी
- उत्तरी सार्वभौमिकतावाद की आलोचना
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 4
कार्ल मार्क्स
जिनसे प्रभावित
Connell began with Marxist class analysis of Australia’s ruling class and its cultural hegemony (Ruling Class, Ruling Culture, 1977), before extending structural analysis of power to gender. R. W. Connell, Ruling Class, Ruling Culture (1977); R. W. Connell and T. H. Irving, Class Structure in Australian History (1980); Gender and Power (1987)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
कार्ल मार्क्स › 1818–1883
अंतोनियो ग्राम्शी
जिनसे प्रभावित
Connell adapted Gramsci’s hegemony to gender: hegemonic masculinity is the culturally exalted form that legitimates men’s dominance over women and subordinates other masculinities (Gender and Power, 1987). R. W. Connell, Gender and Power (1987); Masculinities (1995); R. W. Connell and J. W. Messerschmidt, “Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept”, Gender & Society 19 (2005); SEP “Antonio Gramsci”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
अंतोनियो ग्राम्शी › 1891–1937
अली शरीअती
जिनसे प्रभावित
In Southern Theory (2007) Connell discussed Shariati’s call for a ‘return to the self’ against Western domination as one Iranian source for a social science beyond the metropole. R. Connell, Southern Theory: The Global Dynamics of Knowledge in Social Science (2007); A. Shariati, On the Sociology of Islam, trans. H. Algar (1979)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
अली शरीअती › 1933–1977
पॉलिन हौंतोंजी
जिनसे प्रभावित
In Southern Theory (2007) Connell discussed Hountondji’s critique of ethnophilosophy and of the extraversion of African science, dependent on Northern centres, as a resource for global social science. R. Connell, Southern Theory (2007); P. J. Hountondji, Sur la « philosophie africaine » (1976); Endogenous Knowledge: Research Trails (1997)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
पॉलिन हौंतोंजी › 1942–2024
आलोचना
जिनकी आलोचना की 3
टैल्कॉट पार्सन्स
जिनकी आलोचना की
Connell rejected the sex-role theory Parsons built on instrumental and expressive family roles, arguing that it naturalises gender and leaves power and change unexplained (Gender and Power, 1987). R. W. Connell, Gender and Power (1987), ch. 3; T. Parsons & R. F. Bales, Family, Socialization and Interaction Process (1955)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
टैल्कॉट पार्सन्स › 1902–1979
पियरे बूर्दियो
जिनकी आलोचना की
Connell argued that Bourdieu’s reproduction theory explains stability through a ‘black box of habit’, leaving social change and struggle unexplained (Which Way Is Up?, 1983). R. W. Connell, “The Black Box of Habit on the Wings of History”, in Which Way Is Up? (1983); Southern Theory (2007), ch. 2
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
पियरे बूर्दियो › 1930–2002
एंथनी गिडेंस
जिनकी आलोचना की
Connell read Giddens’s structuration theory as metropolitan general theory claiming universal validity while ignoring colonial experience and the global South (Southern Theory, 2007, ch. 2). R. Connell, Southern Theory (2007), ch. 2 (on Coleman, Giddens and Bourdieu)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
एंथनी गिडेंस › जन्म 1938
कृतियाँ
- 2007सदर्न थ्योरी
सामाजिक सिद्धांत सार्वभौम वैधता का दावा करता है पर महानगरीय केंद्र से लिखा जाता है; कॉनेल अफ़्रीका, ईरान, भारत और लातीनी अमेरिका के विचारकों को स्वतंत्र सिद्धांतकारों के रूप में पढ़ते हैं।
मत
Connell’s work spans class, education, gender and the global politics of knowledge. In studies of Australian schools in the early 1980s she and her colleagues found that boys and girls do not simply learn fixed “sex roles”, as functionalist theory had assumed, but negotiate a gender order structured by power. From this came the concept of hegemonic masculinity, developed in Gender and Power (1987) and Masculinities (1995): in any society one form of masculinity is culturally exalted and legitimates men’s dominance over women, while other masculinities – gay, working-class, colonised – are subordinated or marginalised. Most men do not embody the hegemonic ideal, but they benefit from it through a “patriarchal dividend”. The concept became a foundation of masculinity studies worldwide. In Southern Theory (2007) Connell turned to the geography of knowledge itself. Classical and contemporary “general” theory, from the founders of sociology to James Coleman, Anthony Giddens and Pierre Bourdieu, claims universality while being produced in the metropole and largely silent about colonialism. She set beside it thinkers from Africa, Iran, India and Latin America – among them Paulin Hountondji, Ali Shariati, Veena Das and Raúl Prebisch – as resources for a genuinely global social science.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Raewyn Connell was born in Sydney in 1944. She studied at the Universities of Melbourne and Sydney, taking her doctorate at Sydney, and was active in the student and New Left movements of the 1960s. In 1976 she became the founding professor of sociology at Macquarie University in Sydney, a post she held until 1991. After several years in the United States, including a professorship at the University of California, Santa Cruz, she returned to the University of Sydney, where she was University Professor from 2004 until her retirement in 2014 and is now professor emerita. Connell is a trans woman who transitioned later in life; her earlier books appeared under the name R. W. Connell, and she has published as Raewyn Connell since 2006. She remains active as a researcher and writer, not least on the politics of universities.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Ruling Class, Ruling Culture (1977)
- Making the Difference (with others, 1982)
- Gender and Power (1987)
- Masculinities (1995)
- Southern Theory (2007)
- The Good University (2019)
इनमें आता है
- यात्रा ‘समाज विचारणीय कैसे बना’ · 12 में से पड़ाव 12
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