ريوين كونيل
ثمة طرائق عدة لأن يكون المرء رجلًا، يهيمن أحدها على الباقي – وعلى النظرية الاجتماعية أن تصغي إلى الجنوب العالمي بدل أن تتحدث من الشمال وحده.
التموضع
عالمة اجتماع أسترالية طوّرت مفهوم الذكورة المهيمنة، وتساءلت في «النظرية الجنوبية» لماذا تدّعي النظرية الاجتماعية الكلية وهي تصنع تقريبًا بأكملها في الشمال العالمي.
الأفكار الرئيسة
- الذكورة المهيمنة
- النظام الجندري
- النظرية الجنوبية
- نقد الكلية الشمالية
التأثير
تأثّر بـ 4
كارل ماركس
تأثّر بـ
Connell began with Marxist class analysis of Australia’s ruling class and its cultural hegemony (Ruling Class, Ruling Culture, 1977), before extending structural analysis of power to gender. R. W. Connell, Ruling Class, Ruling Culture (1977); R. W. Connell and T. H. Irving, Class Structure in Australian History (1980); Gender and Power (1987)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
كارل ماركس › 1818–1883
أنطونيو غرامشي
تأثّر بـ
Connell adapted Gramsci’s hegemony to gender: hegemonic masculinity is the culturally exalted form that legitimates men’s dominance over women and subordinates other masculinities (Gender and Power, 1987). R. W. Connell, Gender and Power (1987); Masculinities (1995); R. W. Connell and J. W. Messerschmidt, “Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept”, Gender & Society 19 (2005); SEP “Antonio Gramsci”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
أنطونيو غرامشي › 1891–1937
علي شريعتي
تأثّر بـ
In Southern Theory (2007) Connell discussed Shariati’s call for a ‘return to the self’ against Western domination as one Iranian source for a social science beyond the metropole. R. Connell, Southern Theory: The Global Dynamics of Knowledge in Social Science (2007); A. Shariati, On the Sociology of Islam, trans. H. Algar (1979)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
علي شريعتي › 1933–1977
بولين هونتونجي
تأثّر بـ
In Southern Theory (2007) Connell discussed Hountondji’s critique of ethnophilosophy and of the extraversion of African science, dependent on Northern centres, as a resource for global social science. R. Connell, Southern Theory (2007); P. J. Hountondji, Sur la « philosophie africaine » (1976); Endogenous Knowledge: Research Trails (1997)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
بولين هونتونجي › 1942–2024
النقد
ينتقد 3
تالكوت بارسونز
انتقد
Connell rejected the sex-role theory Parsons built on instrumental and expressive family roles, arguing that it naturalises gender and leaves power and change unexplained (Gender and Power, 1987). R. W. Connell, Gender and Power (1987), ch. 3; T. Parsons & R. F. Bales, Family, Socialization and Interaction Process (1955)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
تالكوت بارسونز › 1902–1979
بيير بورديو
انتقد
Connell argued that Bourdieu’s reproduction theory explains stability through a ‘black box of habit’, leaving social change and struggle unexplained (Which Way Is Up?, 1983). R. W. Connell, “The Black Box of Habit on the Wings of History”, in Which Way Is Up? (1983); Southern Theory (2007), ch. 2
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
بيير بورديو › 1930–2002
أنتوني غيدنز
انتقد
Connell read Giddens’s structuration theory as metropolitan general theory claiming universal validity while ignoring colonial experience and the global South (Southern Theory, 2007, ch. 2). R. Connell, Southern Theory (2007), ch. 2 (on Coleman, Giddens and Bourdieu)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
أنتوني غيدنز › وُلد 1938
الأعمال
تدّعي النظرية الاجتماعية صلاحية كونية لكنها تُكتب من المركز الإمبراطوري؛ وتقرأ كونيل مفكرين من أفريقيا وإيران والهند وأمريكا اللاتينية نظّارًا بحق ذواتهم.
الموقف
Connell’s work spans class, education, gender and the global politics of knowledge. In studies of Australian schools in the early 1980s she and her colleagues found that boys and girls do not simply learn fixed “sex roles”, as functionalist theory had assumed, but negotiate a gender order structured by power. From this came the concept of hegemonic masculinity, developed in Gender and Power (1987) and Masculinities (1995): in any society one form of masculinity is culturally exalted and legitimates men’s dominance over women, while other masculinities – gay, working-class, colonised – are subordinated or marginalised. Most men do not embody the hegemonic ideal, but they benefit from it through a “patriarchal dividend”. The concept became a foundation of masculinity studies worldwide. In Southern Theory (2007) Connell turned to the geography of knowledge itself. Classical and contemporary “general” theory, from the founders of sociology to James Coleman, Anthony Giddens and Pierre Bourdieu, claims universality while being produced in the metropole and largely silent about colonialism. She set beside it thinkers from Africa, Iran, India and Latin America – among them Paulin Hountondji, Ali Shariati, Veena Das and Raúl Prebisch – as resources for a genuinely global social science.
الحياة والسياق
Raewyn Connell was born in Sydney in 1944. She studied at the Universities of Melbourne and Sydney, taking her doctorate at Sydney, and was active in the student and New Left movements of the 1960s. In 1976 she became the founding professor of sociology at Macquarie University in Sydney, a post she held until 1991. After several years in the United States, including a professorship at the University of California, Santa Cruz, she returned to the University of Sydney, where she was University Professor from 2004 until her retirement in 2014 and is now professor emerita. Connell is a trans woman who transitioned later in life; her earlier books appeared under the name R. W. Connell, and she has published as Raewyn Connell since 2006. She remains active as a researcher and writer, not least on the politics of universities.
أعمال رئيسة أخرى
- Ruling Class, Ruling Culture (1977)
- Making the Difference (with others, 1982)
- Gender and Power (1987)
- Masculinities (1995)
- The Good University (2019)
يرد في
- رحلة «كيف صار المجتمع قابلًا للتفكير» · المحطة 12 من 12
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