周敦颐
阴阳、五行和万物都从太极而来——而圣人就是活在至诚之中的人。
定位
被朱熹视为宋代新儒学的第一位大师：他的《太极图说》从太极推演出阴、阳、五行和万物。
核心思想
- 太极（也译“最高极性”）
- 诚
- 《太极图说》
影响
受影响于 2
老子
受其影响
Zhou Dunyi’s Explanation of the Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate opens with ‘non-ultimate’ (wuji), a term from the Laozi, which is why Lu Jiuyuan doubted its Confucian credentials. Zhou Dunyi, Taijitu shuo; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)
依据: AI 草稿
老子 › 传说人物
孔子
受其影响
Zhou Dunyi’s Penetrating the Book of Changes (Tongshu) taught that sagehood can be learned and devoted two sections to Confucius, whose virtue it set beside Heaven and Earth. Zhou Dunyi, Tongshu; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)
依据: AI 草稿
孔子 › 相传 公元前551—前479年
影响了 3
程颢 教过
教过
Attested by the brothers themselves: their recorded sayings recall having once studied with Zhou Maoshu (Henan Chengshi yishu 2A), and Cheng Yi’s account of his brother dates it to his mid-teens; that Zhou founded their school is Zhu Xi’s later construction. Henan Chengshi yishu 2A (recorded by Lü Dalin); Cheng Yi, Mingdao xiansheng xingzhuang
依据: AI 草稿
程颢 › 1032–1085
程颐 教过
教过
Attested in the brothers’ recorded sayings (a remark about once studying with Zhou Maoshu, Henan Chengshi yishu 2A), which do not say which brother is speaking; that Cheng Yi studied there with his brother as a boy is stated by Zhu Xi, who also made Zhou the founder of their school. Henan Chengshi yishu 2A (recorded by Lü Dalin); Zhu Xi, Yichuan xiansheng nianpu
依据: AI 草稿
程颐 › 1033–1107
朱熹
影响了
Zhu Xi commented on Zhou Dunyi’s Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate, read the supreme ultimate as principle and made Zhou founder of the Learning of the Way. Zhu Xi, Taijitu shuo jie; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)
依据: AI 草稿
朱熹 › 1130–1200
作品
- 约1070年太极图说
一篇约250字的文本，由太极推导出阴阳、五行与万物。
立场
Zhou Dunyi’s short “Explanation of the Diagram of the Supreme Polarity” offers a cosmogony: from the Supreme Polarity (taiji) – introduced with the much-debated phrase “non-polar and yet supreme polarity” (wuji er taiji) – come movement and rest, yin and yang, the five phases and the myriad things; the sage sets the standard of rightness and stillness. Because the diagram and the term wuji seemed Daoist, Lu Jiuyuan disputed their Confucian credentials in an exchange with Zhu Xi. His “Penetrating the Book of Changes” makes sincerity (cheng) the basis of a sagehood that can be learned. Zhu Xi made him the founder of the Song Learning of the Way.
生平与背景
Zhou Dunyi was born in 1017 in Daozhou (in present-day Hunan). He served for decades as a local official in various provinces, respected for his fairness in judicial cases, and around 1046 briefly taught the teenage Cheng brothers. Late in life he settled at the foot of Mount Lu by a stream he named Lianxi, hence his sobriquet. He died in 1073, little known as a philosopher.
其他主要作品
- Explanation of the Diagram of the Supreme Polarity (Taijitu shuo, mid-11th century)
- Penetrating the Book of Changes (Tongshu, mid-11th century)
- On the Love of the Lotus (Ai lian shuo, 1063)
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