Zhou Dunyi
Z jednego Najwyższego Kresu pochodzą yin i yang, pięć żywiołów i wszystkie rzeczy – a mędrcem jest ten, kto żyje w doskonałej szczerości.
Umiejscowienie
Zhu Xi uznawał go za pierwszego mistrza neokonfucjanizmu epoki Song: jego „Diagram Najwyższej Polarności” wyprowadza yin, yang, pięć faz i wszystkie rzeczy z Najwyższego Kresu (taiji).
Kluczowe idee
- Najwyższy Kres (taiji, także „Najwyższa Polarność”)
- Szczerość (cheng)
- Diagram Najwyższej Polarności
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 2
Laozi
pod wpływem
Zhou Dunyi’s Explanation of the Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate opens with ‘non-ultimate’ (wuji), a term from the Laozi, which is why Lu Jiuyuan doubted its Confucian credentials. Zhou Dunyi, Taijitu shuo; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)
Źródło: szkic AI
Laozi › postać legendarna
Konfucjusz
pod wpływem
Zhou Dunyi’s Penetrating the Book of Changes (Tongshu) taught that sagehood can be learned and devoted two sections to Confucius, whose virtue it set beside Heaven and Earth. Zhou Dunyi, Tongshu; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)
Źródło: szkic AI
Konfucjusz › według tradycji 551–479 p.n.e.
Wpływ na 3
Cheng Hao uczeń/uczennica
uczeń/uczennica
Attested by the brothers themselves: their recorded sayings recall having once studied with Zhou Maoshu (Henan Chengshi yishu 2A), and Cheng Yi’s account of his brother dates it to his mid-teens; that Zhou founded their school is Zhu Xi’s later construction. Henan Chengshi yishu 2A (recorded by Lü Dalin); Cheng Yi, Mingdao xiansheng xingzhuang
Źródło: szkic AI
Cheng Hao › 1032–1085
Cheng Yi uczeń/uczennica
uczeń/uczennica
Attested in the brothers’ recorded sayings (a remark about once studying with Zhou Maoshu, Henan Chengshi yishu 2A), which do not say which brother is speaking; that Cheng Yi studied there with his brother as a boy is stated by Zhu Xi, who also made Zhou the founder of their school. Henan Chengshi yishu 2A (recorded by Lü Dalin); Zhu Xi, Yichuan xiansheng nianpu
Źródło: szkic AI
Cheng Yi › 1033–1107
Zhu Xi
wpływ na
Zhu Xi commented on Zhou Dunyi’s Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate, read the supreme ultimate as principle and made Zhou founder of the Learning of the Way. Zhu Xi, Taijitu shuo jie; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)
Źródło: szkic AI
Zhu Xi › 1130–1200
Dzieła
Tekst liczący około 250 znaków, który wyprowadza yin i yang, pięć faz i niezliczone rzeczy z Najwyższego Kresu.
Stanowisko
Zhou Dunyi’s short “Explanation of the Diagram of the Supreme Polarity” offers a cosmogony: from the Supreme Polarity (taiji) – introduced with the much-debated phrase “non-polar and yet supreme polarity” (wuji er taiji) – come movement and rest, yin and yang, the five phases and the myriad things; the sage sets the standard of rightness and stillness. Because the diagram and the term wuji seemed Daoist, Lu Jiuyuan disputed their Confucian credentials in an exchange with Zhu Xi. His “Penetrating the Book of Changes” makes sincerity (cheng) the basis of a sagehood that can be learned. Zhu Xi made him the founder of the Song Learning of the Way.
Życie i kontekst
Zhou Dunyi was born in 1017 in Daozhou (in present-day Hunan). He served for decades as a local official in various provinces, respected for his fairness in judicial cases, and around 1046 briefly taught the teenage Cheng brothers. Late in life he settled at the foot of Mount Lu by a stream he named Lianxi, hence his sobriquet. He died in 1073, little known as a philosopher.
Dalsze główne dzieła
- Explanation of the Diagram of the Supreme Polarity (Taijitu shuo, mid-11th century)
- Penetrating the Book of Changes (Tongshu, mid-11th century)
- On the Love of the Lotus (Ai lian shuo, 1063)
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