झोउ दुनयी
एक परम चरम से यिन और यांग, पाँच तत्त्व और सब वस्तुएँ आती हैं – और ऋषि वह व्यक्ति है जो पूर्ण सच्चाई में जीता है।
पृष्ठभूमि
झू शी ने उन्हें सोंग नव-कन्फ्यूशियसवाद का पहला आचार्य माना: उनका “परम ध्रुवता का रेखाचित्र” यिन, यांग, पाँच चरणों और सब वस्तुओं को परम चरम (ताइजी) से निकालता है।
मुख्य विचार
- परम चरम (ताइजी, “परम ध्रुवता” भी)
- सच्चाई (चेंग)
- परम ध्रुवता का रेखाचित्र
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 2
लाओ-त्सू
जिनसे प्रभावित
Zhou Dunyi’s Explanation of the Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate opens with ‘non-ultimate’ (wuji), a term from the Laozi, which is why Lu Jiuyuan doubted its Confucian credentials. Zhou Dunyi, Taijitu shuo; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)
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लाओ-त्सू › किंवदंतियों से जुड़ा व्यक्तित्व
कन्फ्यूशियस
जिनसे प्रभावित
Zhou Dunyi’s Penetrating the Book of Changes (Tongshu) taught that sagehood can be learned and devoted two sections to Confucius, whose virtue it set beside Heaven and Earth. Zhou Dunyi, Tongshu; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)
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कन्फ्यूशियस › परंपरागत रूप से 551–479 ईसा पूर्व
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 3
चेंग हाओ जिन्हें पढ़ाया
जिन्हें पढ़ाया
Attested by the brothers themselves: their recorded sayings recall having once studied with Zhou Maoshu (Henan Chengshi yishu 2A), and Cheng Yi’s account of his brother dates it to his mid-teens; that Zhou founded their school is Zhu Xi’s later construction. Henan Chengshi yishu 2A (recorded by Lü Dalin); Cheng Yi, Mingdao xiansheng xingzhuang
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चेंग हाओ › 1032–1085
चेंग यी जिन्हें पढ़ाया
जिन्हें पढ़ाया
Attested in the brothers’ recorded sayings (a remark about once studying with Zhou Maoshu, Henan Chengshi yishu 2A), which do not say which brother is speaking; that Cheng Yi studied there with his brother as a boy is stated by Zhu Xi, who also made Zhou the founder of their school. Henan Chengshi yishu 2A (recorded by Lü Dalin); Zhu Xi, Yichuan xiansheng nianpu
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
चेंग यी › 1033–1107
झू शी
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Zhu Xi commented on Zhou Dunyi’s Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate, read the supreme ultimate as principle and made Zhou founder of the Learning of the Way. Zhu Xi, Taijitu shuo jie; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
झू शी › 1130–1200
कृतियाँ
- लगभग 1070परम ध्रुवता के रेखाचित्र की व्याख्या
लगभग 250 अक्षरों का पाठ जो यिन और यांग, पाँच चरणों और असंख्य वस्तुओं को परम चरम से निकालता है।
मत
Zhou Dunyi’s short “Explanation of the Diagram of the Supreme Polarity” offers a cosmogony: from the Supreme Polarity (taiji) – introduced with the much-debated phrase “non-polar and yet supreme polarity” (wuji er taiji) – come movement and rest, yin and yang, the five phases and the myriad things; the sage sets the standard of rightness and stillness. Because the diagram and the term wuji seemed Daoist, Lu Jiuyuan disputed their Confucian credentials in an exchange with Zhu Xi. His “Penetrating the Book of Changes” makes sincerity (cheng) the basis of a sagehood that can be learned. Zhu Xi made him the founder of the Song Learning of the Way.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Zhou Dunyi was born in 1017 in Daozhou (in present-day Hunan). He served for decades as a local official in various provinces, respected for his fairness in judicial cases, and around 1046 briefly taught the teenage Cheng brothers. Late in life he settled at the foot of Mount Lu by a stream he named Lianxi, hence his sobriquet. He died in 1073, little known as a philosopher.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Explanation of the Diagram of the Supreme Polarity (Taijitu shuo, mid-11th century)
- Penetrating the Book of Changes (Tongshu, mid-11th century)
- On the Love of the Lotus (Ai lian shuo, 1063)
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