تشو دونيي
من «القطب الأعظم» (تايجي) الواحد ينشأ اليين واليانغ والعناصر الخمسة وكل الأشياء – والحكيم هو من يعيش في صدق تام.
التموضع
عدّه تشو شي أول أساتذة الكونفوشيوسية الجديدة في عهد سونغ: يشتق «مخطط القطب الأعظم» عنده اليين واليانغ والأطوار الخمسة وكل الأشياء من القطب الأعظم (تايجي).
الأفكار الرئيسة
- القطب الأعظم (تايجي)
- الإخلاص (تشنغ)
- مخطط القطب الأعظم
التأثير
تأثّر بـ 2
لاوتزه
تأثّر بـ
Zhou Dunyi’s Explanation of the Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate opens with ‘non-ultimate’ (wuji), a term from the Laozi, which is why Lu Jiuyuan doubted its Confucian credentials. Zhou Dunyi, Taijitu shuo; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
لاوتزه › شخصية أسطورية
كونفوشيوس
تأثّر بـ
Zhou Dunyi’s Penetrating the Book of Changes (Tongshu) taught that sagehood can be learned and devoted two sections to Confucius, whose virtue it set beside Heaven and Earth. Zhou Dunyi, Tongshu; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
كونفوشيوس › تقليديًا 551–479 ق.م
أثّر في 3
تشنغ هاو علّم
علّم
Attested by the brothers themselves: their recorded sayings recall having once studied with Zhou Maoshu (Henan Chengshi yishu 2A), and Cheng Yi’s account of his brother dates it to his mid-teens; that Zhou founded their school is Zhu Xi’s later construction. Henan Chengshi yishu 2A (recorded by Lü Dalin); Cheng Yi, Mingdao xiansheng xingzhuang
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
تشنغ هاو › 1032–1085
تشنغ يي علّم
علّم
Attested in the brothers’ recorded sayings (a remark about once studying with Zhou Maoshu, Henan Chengshi yishu 2A), which do not say which brother is speaking; that Cheng Yi studied there with his brother as a boy is stated by Zhu Xi, who also made Zhou the founder of their school. Henan Chengshi yishu 2A (recorded by Lü Dalin); Zhu Xi, Yichuan xiansheng nianpu
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
تشنغ يي › 1033–1107
تشو شي
أثّر في
Zhu Xi commented on Zhou Dunyi’s Diagram of the Supreme Ultimate, read the supreme ultimate as principle and made Zhou founder of the Learning of the Way. Zhu Xi, Taijitu shuo jie; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
تشو شي › 1130–1200
الأعمال
نص من نحو 250 حرفًا يستمد اليين واليانغ والأطوار الخمسة والأشياء الكثيرة من الأقصى الأعلى.
الموقف
Zhou Dunyi’s short “Explanation of the Diagram of the Supreme Polarity” offers a cosmogony: from the Supreme Polarity (taiji) – introduced with the much-debated phrase “non-polar and yet supreme polarity” (wuji er taiji) – come movement and rest, yin and yang, the five phases and the myriad things; the sage sets the standard of rightness and stillness. Because the diagram and the term wuji seemed Daoist, Lu Jiuyuan disputed their Confucian credentials in an exchange with Zhu Xi. His “Penetrating the Book of Changes” makes sincerity (cheng) the basis of a sagehood that can be learned. Zhu Xi made him the founder of the Song Learning of the Way.
الحياة والسياق
Zhou Dunyi was born in 1017 in Daozhou (in present-day Hunan). He served for decades as a local official in various provinces, respected for his fairness in judicial cases, and around 1046 briefly taught the teenage Cheng brothers. Late in life he settled at the foot of Mount Lu by a stream he named Lianxi, hence his sobriquet. He died in 1073, little known as a philosopher.
أعمال رئيسة أخرى
- Penetrating the Book of Changes (Tongshu, mid-11th century)
- On the Love of the Lotus (Ai lian shuo, 1063)
بحسب الوضع في نوفمبر 2026 · المصادر · حسّن هذه الصفحة · كيف صُنع Agora