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程颐

1033–1107

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

同一个理以无数形式贯穿万物，而我们通过一件接一件地仔细考察事物来认识它。

定位

东亚哲学 · 东亚 · 形而上学, 伦理学, 认识论

二程兄弟中的弟弟：理是一，其表现是多；理通过逐一考察事物而被认识——这是程朱学派的根源。

核心思想

  • 理一分殊
  • 格物
  • 敬

老师: 周敦颐

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影响

受影响于 3

  • 孟子

    受其影响

    Cheng Yi upheld Mencius’ thesis that human nature is good by identifying the nature with principle and tracing evil to the endowment of material force (qi). Er Cheng yishu; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)

    依据: AI 草稿

    孟子 › 约公元前372—前289年年

  • 周敦颐 师从

    师从

    Attested in the brothers’ recorded sayings (a remark about once studying with Zhou Maoshu, Henan Chengshi yishu 2A), which do not say which brother is speaking; that Cheng Yi studied there with his brother as a boy is stated by Zhu Xi, who also made Zhou the founder of their school. Henan Chengshi yishu 2A (recorded by Lü Dalin); Zhu Xi, Yichuan xiansheng nianpu

    依据: AI 草稿

    周敦颐 › 1017–1073

  • 张载

    受其影响

    Defending Zhang Zai’s Western Inscription against Yang Shi’s charge of Mohist universal love, Cheng Yi read it as teaching that principle is one but its manifestations many. Cheng Yi, reply to Yang Shi on the Ximing, in Er Cheng wenji; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)

    依据: AI 草稿

    张载 › 1020–1077

影响了 2

  • 朱熹

    影响了

    Zhu Xi adopted Cheng Yi’s theses that the nature is principle and that investigating things means probing principle, the latter in his supplement to the Great Learning (1189). Zhu Xi, Daxue zhangju (preface 1189), supplement on the investigation of things; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    朱熹 › 1130–1200

  • 冯友兰

    影响了

    Feng Youlan’s History of Chinese Philosophy (1934) made Cheng Yi, not his brother, the founder of the learning of principle that Feng renewed in Xin lixue (1939). Feng Youlan, Zhongguo zhexue shi (1931–34), tr. D. Bodde (1952–53); Xin lixue (1939); IEP “Feng Youlan”

    依据: AI 草稿

    冯友兰 › 1895–1990

批评

受批评于 1

  • 戴震

    受其批评

    Dai Zhen charged that the Cheng–Zhu principle (li), set apart from human desires, had let the powerful put people to death in the name of principle (Mengzi ziyi shuzheng, 1777). Dai Zhen, Mengzi ziyi shuzheng (1777), tr. A. Chin & M. Freeman, Tai Chen on Mencius, 1990

    依据: AI 草稿

    戴震 › 1724–1777

作品

立场

Cheng Yi gave Neo-Confucianism its classic framework. Principle (li) is one, its manifestations many: every thing has its principle, all principles are ultimately one, and human nature is principle (xing ji li), while differences in vital force (qi) account for good and bad conduct. Principle is known by investigating things – one today, another tomorrow – until understanding suddenly becomes comprehensive. Cultivation requires reverence (jing), learning the extension of knowledge. Zhu Xi followed him so closely that one speaks of the Cheng–Zhu school. Later critics made him a symbol of rigid morality, not least for his remark that for a widow starving is a small matter beside losing her chastity.

生平与背景

Cheng Yi, known as Yichuan, was born in 1033, the younger brother of Cheng Hao. At the Imperial Academy he won attention with an essay on what Confucius’ disciple Yan Hui loved to learn. He long declined office and taught in Luoyang; in 1086 he became lecturer to the young emperor but soon fell victim to factional strife. Banished in 1097, pardoned in 1100, he died in 1107.

其他主要作品

  • What Master Yan Loved to Learn (Yanzi suo hao he xue lun, c. 1056)
  • Surviving Works of the Two Chengs (Er Cheng yishu, compiled by Zhu Xi, 1168, posthumous)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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