色诺芬尼
诗人笔下的神是人的发明；只有一位不同于我们的神，而人类关于这类事情的知识不过是意见。
定位
四处漫游的诗人兼哲学家，嘲讽荷马与赫西俄德笔下具有人形的诸神，主张有一位不同于凡人的神。
核心思想
- 对拟人化诸神的批判
- 唯一不动的神
- 人的知识只是意见
影响
受影响于 1
阿那克西曼德
受其影响 存在争议
Xenophanes’ view that earth was once mixed with sea, inferred from fossils, continues Milesian inquiry like Anaximander’s; whether he heard Anaximander is uncertain. Xenophanes, DK 21 A33 (Hippolytus, Refutatio I.14), B29, B33; Anaximander, DK 12 A27; SEP “Xenophanes”
依据: AI 草稿
阿那克西曼德 › 约公元前610—前546年年
影响了 1
巴门尼德
影响了 存在争议 ✓
Aristotle reports that Parmenides was said to be Xenophanes’ pupil (Metaphysics I.5, 986b22); a debt to Xenophanes’ unmoving god and his doubts about opinion is disputed. Aristotle, Metaphysics I.5, 986b21–25; Xenophanes, DK 21 B26, B34; Diogenes Laertius IX.21; SEP “Xenophanes”
巴门尼德 › 约公元前515—前450年年
批评
受批评于 1
赫拉克利特
受其批评
Heraclitus named Xenophanes, with Hesiod, Pythagoras and Hecataeus, among those whose much learning had not taught them understanding (DK 22 B40). Heraclitus, DK 22 B40 (Diogenes Laertius 9.1)
依据: AI 草稿
赫拉克利特 › 约公元前535—前475年年
批评了 1
毕达哥拉斯
批评了
Xenophanes mocked Pythagoras’ doctrine of transmigration: he stops a man beating a puppy because he recognises a friend’s soul in its yelping (DK 21 B7). Xenophanes, DK 21 B7 (Diogenes Laertius 8.36); SEP “Xenophanes”
依据: AI 草稿
毕达哥拉斯 › 相传 约公元前570—前495年年
立场
Xenophanes attacked the gods of Homer and Hesiod, who steal, commit adultery and deceive one another. Humans make gods in their own image: Ethiopians picture them snub-nosed and dark, Thracians blue-eyed and red-haired – and if oxen and horses had hands, they would draw gods like oxen and horses. Against this he set one god, unlike mortals in body or thought, who without moving sets all things in motion by the power of his mind. Yet no one, he held, knows the plain truth here; opinion is our lot, though by searching we find better in time. Later tradition saw him as a forerunner of the Eleatics.
生平与背景
Xenophanes was born around 570 BCE in Colophon, an Ionian city in Asia Minor. Probably after the Persian conquest of Ionia he left home and, by his own account, spent sixty-seven years wandering the Greek world as a poet reciting his own verses, above all in Sicily and southern Italy. He lived into his nineties. Only fragments of his poems survive.
主要作品
- Satires (Silloi, fragments, late 6th century BCE)
- Elegies (fragments, late 6th century BCE)
出现在
- 旅程 ‘从神话到逻各斯’ · 第 3 站，共 8 站
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