Ksenofanes
Bogowie poetów są ludzkimi wymysłami; jest jeden bóg niepodobny do nas, a ludzka wiedza o takich sprawach jest tylko mniemaniem.
Umiejscowienie
Wędrowny poeta i filozof, który wyśmiewał ludzkopodobnych bogów Homera i Hezjoda i głosił jednego boga niepodobnego do śmiertelników.
Kluczowe idee
- Krytyka antropomorficznych bogów
- Jeden nieruchomy bóg
- Wiedza ludzka jako mniemanie
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 1
Anaksymander
pod wpływem sporne
Xenophanes’ view that earth was once mixed with sea, inferred from fossils, continues Milesian inquiry like Anaximander’s; whether he heard Anaximander is uncertain. Xenophanes, DK 21 A33 (Hippolytus, Refutatio I.14), B29, B33; Anaximander, DK 12 A27; SEP “Xenophanes”
Źródło: szkic AI
Anaksymander › ok. 610–546 p.n.e.
Wpływ na 1
Parmenides
wpływ na sporne ✓
Aristotle reports that Parmenides was said to be Xenophanes’ pupil (Metaphysics I.5, 986b22); a debt to Xenophanes’ unmoving god and his doubts about opinion is disputed. Aristotle, Metaphysics I.5, 986b21–25; Xenophanes, DK 21 B26, B34; Diogenes Laertius IX.21; SEP “Xenophanes”
Parmenides › ok. 515–450 p.n.e.
Krytyka
Krytyka ze strony 1
Heraklit
krytyka ze strony
Heraclitus named Xenophanes, with Hesiod, Pythagoras and Hecataeus, among those whose much learning had not taught them understanding (DK 22 B40). Heraclitus, DK 22 B40 (Diogenes Laertius 9.1)
Źródło: szkic AI
Heraklit › ok. 535–475 p.n.e.
Krytykuje 1
Pitagoras
krytykuje
Xenophanes mocked Pythagoras’ doctrine of transmigration: he stops a man beating a puppy because he recognises a friend’s soul in its yelping (DK 21 B7). Xenophanes, DK 21 B7 (Diogenes Laertius 8.36); SEP “Xenophanes”
Źródło: szkic AI
Pitagoras › według tradycji ok. 570–495 p.n.e.
Stanowisko
Xenophanes attacked the gods of Homer and Hesiod, who steal, commit adultery and deceive one another. Humans make gods in their own image: Ethiopians picture them snub-nosed and dark, Thracians blue-eyed and red-haired – and if oxen and horses had hands, they would draw gods like oxen and horses. Against this he set one god, unlike mortals in body or thought, who without moving sets all things in motion by the power of his mind. Yet no one, he held, knows the plain truth here; opinion is our lot, though by searching we find better in time. Later tradition saw him as a forerunner of the Eleatics.
Życie i kontekst
Xenophanes was born around 570 BCE in Colophon, an Ionian city in Asia Minor. Probably after the Persian conquest of Ionia he left home and, by his own account, spent sixty-seven years wandering the Greek world as a poet reciting his own verses, above all in Sicily and southern Italy. He lived into his nineties. Only fragments of his poems survive.
Główne dzieła
- Satires (Silloi, fragments, late 6th century BCE)
- Elegies (fragments, late 6th century BCE)
Pojawia się w
- Podróż „Od mythosu do logosu” · Przystanek 3 z 8
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