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阿那克西曼德

约公元前610—前546年年

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

万物的本源不是像水那样熟悉的物质，而是某种无限的、不确定的东西，万物由它产生，又复归于它。

定位

古希腊哲学 · 西亚与北非 · 形而上学, 科学

古代学述家称他为泰勒斯的学生；他把无定（apeiron，即无限者）确定为万物的起源。

核心思想

  • 无定（apeiron）
  • 宇宙的正义

老师: 米利都的泰勒斯

学生: 阿那克西美尼

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影响

受影响于 1

  • 米利都的泰勒斯 师从

    师从 存在争议 后世传述 ✓

    Known only from later tradition – Theophrastus’ ‘successor and pupil of Thales’, preserved by Simplicius (In Physica 24.13), and the Ionian succession in Diogenes Laertius 1.13; the succession may be a later construction. Simplicius, In Physica 24.13 Diels (DK 12 A9, after Theophrastus); Diogenes Laertius 1.13

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    米利都的泰勒斯 › 约公元前624—前546年年

影响了 3

  • 阿那克西美尼 教过

    教过 后世传述 ✓

    Known only from later tradition (Diogenes Laertius 2.3; Theophrastus, as preserved by Simplicius, In Physica 24.26, calls him only a ‘companion’); the succession may be a later construction. Diogenes Laertius 2.3; Simplicius, In Physica 24.26 Diels (DK 13 A5, after Theophrastus)

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    阿那克西美尼 › 约公元前586—前526年年

  • 毕达哥拉斯

    影响了 存在争议 ✓

    Late ancient lives of Pythagoras (Porphyry, Iamblichus) name Anaximander among his teachers; the report is uncertain, and no particular doctrine can be traced from one to the other. Porphyry, Life of Pythagoras; Iamblichus, On the Pythagorean Life; SEP “Pythagoras”

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata · InPhO

    毕达哥拉斯 › 相传 约公元前570—前495年年

  • 色诺芬尼

    影响了 存在争议

    Xenophanes’ view that earth was once mixed with sea, inferred from fossils, continues Milesian inquiry like Anaximander’s; whether he heard Anaximander is uncertain. Xenophanes, DK 21 A33 (Hippolytus, Refutatio I.14), B29, B33; Anaximander, DK 12 A27; SEP “Xenophanes”

    依据: AI 草稿

    色诺芬尼 › 约公元前570—前478年年

立场

Anaximander asked why any one element, such as water, should be the source of everything when the elements oppose one another. His answer was the apeiron – the boundless or indefinite – an inexhaustible, ageless source from which opposites like hot and cold separate out and to which they return. In his only surviving fragment, things “pay penalty and retribution to each other for their injustice according to the ordering of time”: nature is governed by a kind of cosmic justice. He also pictured the earth resting unsupported at the centre of the cosmos and speculated that humans descended from fish-like creatures. His abstract principle marked a decisive step beyond observable stuffs.

生平与背景

Anaximander, a younger fellow citizen and probably a pupil of Thales, worked in Miletus in the sixth century BCE. He is credited with the first Greek prose treatise on nature, with drawing an early map of the inhabited world and with introducing the gnomon, the pointer of the sundial, to Greece. Only a single fragment of his book survives.

主要作品

  • On Nature (c. 550 BCE, one fragment)

出现在

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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