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玛丽·沃斯通克拉夫特

1759–1797

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

女性看起来不那么理性，只是因为她们被剥夺了教育；给她们与男性同样的教育和权利吧。

定位

经验主义、启蒙运动与自由主义 · 北欧 · 政治与法, 伦理学, 社会与历史, 性别与女性主义

革命十年的政治哲学家：她在为法国大革命反驳柏克之后，于《女权辩护》（1792年）中论证，女性缺乏的不是理性，而是教育。

核心思想

  • 平等的教育
  • 女性的权利

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影响

受影响于 2

  • 约翰·洛克

    受其影响

    Wollstonecraft built on Locke’s view that the mind is formed by experience and education, arguing women’s apparent weakness is an effect of their upbringing (Rights of Woman, 1792). M. Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792); SEP “Mary Wollstonecraft”

    依据: AI 草稿

    约翰·洛克 › 1632–1704

  • 凯瑟琳·麦考利

    受其影响

    Wollstonecraft reviewed Macaulay’s Letters on Education (1790) and in the Rights of Woman (1792) took up her argument that both sexes should receive the same education. M. Wollstonecraft, review in the Analytical Review (Nov. 1790); A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792); C. Macaulay, Letters on Education (1790); SEP “Mary Wollstonecraft”

    依据: AI 草稿

    凯瑟琳·麦考利 › 1731–1791

影响了 1

  • 艾玛·戈德曼

    影响了 ✓

    Goldman lectured on Wollstonecraft as a pioneer of women’s freedom whose life showed the price of defying convention (lecture c. 1911; publ. 1981). E. Goldman, “Mary Wollstonecraft, Her Tragic Life and Her Passionate Struggle for Freedom”, ed. A. Wexler, Feminist Studies 7 (1981)

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    艾玛·戈德曼 › 1869–1940

批评

批评了 2

  • 让-雅克·卢梭 受其影响

    受其影响

    Wollstonecraft shared Rousseau’s critique of rank and luxury and his call for an education strengthening body and mind, but extended it to girls (Rights of Woman, 1792). M. Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792); SEP “Mary Wollstonecraft”

    依据: AI 草稿

    批评了

    Wollstonecraft attacked Rousseau’s Émile for training Sophie for dependence and pleasing men, insisting that women need the same rational education as men (Rights of Woman, 1792, ch. 5). M. Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), ch. 5; SEP “Mary Wollstonecraft”

    依据: AI 草稿

    让-雅克·卢梭 › 1712–1778

  • 埃德蒙·柏克

    批评了

    Wollstonecraft answered Burke’s Reflections in A Vindication of the Rights of Men (1790), charging that his reverence for tradition defended property and privilege rather than liberty. M. Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Men (1790); SEP “Mary Wollstonecraft”

    依据: AI 草稿

    埃德蒙·柏克 › 1729–1797

作品

  • 1792为女权辩护

    平等的理性要求平等的教育——反对卢梭笔下的苏菲。

立场

Wollstonecraft applied the Enlightenment’s principles of reason and equal rights to women. Women appear weak, vain and dependent, she argued, not by nature but because they are educated to please men rather than to think. Since women possess reason and an immortal soul just as men do, they are entitled to the same education, to virtue grounded in understanding and to independence through work. Marriage should be a partnership between equals. First she defended the French Revolution against Edmund Burke, then turned the language of rights against Rousseau’s view of women. Her Vindication of the Rights of Woman is considered a founding text of modern feminism.

生平与背景

Born in London in 1759, Mary Wollstonecraft supported herself as a companion, governess, school founder and finally as a writer and translator for the radical publisher Joseph Johnson. In 1792 she went to revolutionary Paris. In 1797 she married the philosopher William Godwin and died the same year, shortly after the birth of her daughter Mary, later the author of Frankenstein.

其他主要作品

  • Thoughts on the Education of Daughters (1787)
  • A Vindication of the Rights of Men (1790)
  • A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)
  • Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark (1796)

出现在

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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