ماري وولستونكرافت
تبدو النساء أقل عقلانية لأنهن محرومات من التعليم فقط؛ فامنحوهن التعليم والحقوق نفسها التي للرجال.
التموضع
فيلسوفة سياسية في العقد الثوري: بعد أن دافعت عن الثورة الفرنسية في وجه بيرك، رأت في «دفاعًا عن حقوق المرأة» (1792) أن ما تفتقر إليه النساء ليس العقل بل التعليم.
الأفكار الرئيسة
- التعليم المتساوي
- حقوق المرأة
التأثير
تأثّر بـ 2
جون لوك
تأثّر بـ
Wollstonecraft built on Locke’s view that the mind is formed by experience and education, arguing women’s apparent weakness is an effect of their upbringing (Rights of Woman, 1792). M. Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792); SEP “Mary Wollstonecraft”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
جون لوك › 1632–1704
كاثرين ماكولاي
تأثّر بـ
Wollstonecraft reviewed Macaulay’s Letters on Education (1790) and in the Rights of Woman (1792) took up her argument that both sexes should receive the same education. M. Wollstonecraft, review in the Analytical Review (Nov. 1790); A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792); C. Macaulay, Letters on Education (1790); SEP “Mary Wollstonecraft”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
كاثرين ماكولاي › 1731–1791
أثّر في 1
إيما جولدمان
أثّر في ✓
Goldman lectured on Wollstonecraft as a pioneer of women’s freedom whose life showed the price of defying convention (lecture c. 1911; publ. 1981). E. Goldman, “Mary Wollstonecraft, Her Tragic Life and Her Passionate Struggle for Freedom”, ed. A. Wexler, Feminist Studies 7 (1981)
التوثيق: مسجّل أيضًا في Wikidata · Wikidata
إيما جولدمان › 1869–1940
النقد
ينتقد 2
جان جاك روسو تأثّر بـ
تأثّر بـ
Wollstonecraft shared Rousseau’s critique of rank and luxury and his call for an education strengthening body and mind, but extended it to girls (Rights of Woman, 1792). M. Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792); SEP “Mary Wollstonecraft”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
انتقد
Wollstonecraft attacked Rousseau’s Émile for training Sophie for dependence and pleasing men, insisting that women need the same rational education as men (Rights of Woman, 1792, ch. 5). M. Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), ch. 5; SEP “Mary Wollstonecraft”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
جان جاك روسو › 1712–1778
إدموند بيرك
انتقد
Wollstonecraft answered Burke’s Reflections in A Vindication of the Rights of Men (1790), charging that his reverence for tradition defended property and privilege rather than liberty. M. Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Men (1790); SEP “Mary Wollstonecraft”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
إدموند بيرك › 1729–1797
الأعمال
العقل المتساوي يقتضي تعليمًا متساويًا – ضد صوفي عند روسو.
الموقف
Wollstonecraft applied the Enlightenment’s principles of reason and equal rights to women. Women appear weak, vain and dependent, she argued, not by nature but because they are educated to please men rather than to think. Since women possess reason and an immortal soul just as men do, they are entitled to the same education, to virtue grounded in understanding and to independence through work. Marriage should be a partnership between equals. First she defended the French Revolution against Edmund Burke, then turned the language of rights against Rousseau’s view of women. Her Vindication of the Rights of Woman is considered a founding text of modern feminism.
الحياة والسياق
Born in London in 1759, Mary Wollstonecraft supported herself as a companion, governess, school founder and finally as a writer and translator for the radical publisher Joseph Johnson. In 1792 she went to revolutionary Paris. In 1797 she married the philosopher William Godwin and died the same year, shortly after the birth of her daughter Mary, later the author of Frankenstein.
أعمال رئيسة أخرى
- Thoughts on the Education of Daughters (1787)
- A Vindication of the Rights of Men (1790)
- A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)
- Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark (1796)
يرد في
- رحلة «الفلسفة النسوية» · المحطة 3 من 11
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