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列奥波德·塞达尔·桑戈尔

1906–2001

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

在桑戈尔看来，非洲文化有自己的认识方式，通过感受、节奏和参与，而它属于所有民族共有的文明之中——索因卡、托瓦和洪通吉批评这一观点是本质主义的。

定位

非洲与非洲裔哲学 · 撒哈拉以南非洲 · 美学, 社会与历史, 政治与法

诗人，黑人性（Négritude）的共同创立者，塞内加尔第一任总统：非洲文化是一种以参与和节奏来认知的独特方式。

核心思想

  • 黑人性（Négritude）
  • 非洲社会主义
  • 普遍者的文明

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影响

受影响于 4

  • 卡尔·马克思

    受其影响

    Senghor read the young Marx as a humanist and adapted his socialism to African communal traditions, rejecting class struggle and atheism (Nation et voie africaine du socialisme, 1961). L. S. Senghor, “Marxisme et humanisme”, La Revue socialiste 19 (1948); Nation et voie africaine du socialisme (1961)

    依据: AI 草稿

    卡尔·马克思 › 1818–1883

  • 亨利·柏格森

    受其影响

    Senghor drew on Bergson’s intuition, set against analytic intellect, to describe an African way of knowing by participation (‘Ce que l’homme noir apporte’, 1939). L. S. Senghor, “Ce que l’homme noir apporte” (1939), in Liberté I: Négritude et humanisme (1964); S. B. Diagne, Bergson postcolonial (2011)

    依据: AI 草稿

    亨利·柏格森 › 1859–1941

  • 阿兰·洛克

    受其影响

    Senghor echoed Locke’s The New Negro (1925) when he called the poets of his Anthologie de la nouvelle poésie nègre et malgache (1948) ‘Nègres-Nouveaux’. L. S. Senghor (ed.), Anthologie de la nouvelle poésie nègre et malgache de langue française (1948); A. Locke (ed.), The New Negro (1925); A. Mangeon, Études littéraires africaines 29 (2010)

    依据: AI 草稿

    阿兰·洛克 › 1885–1954

  • 保莱特·纳达尔

    受其影响

    Senghor wrote in 1960 that he and his friends had come into contact with Black American writers in 1929–34 through Paulette Nardal and her literary salon. Senghor, letter of February 1960, quoted in L. Kesteloot, Black Writers in French, p. 56; T. D. Sharpley-Whiting, Negritude Women (2002), p. 17

    依据: AI 草稿

    保莱特·纳达尔 › 1896–1985

影响了 1

  • 苏莱曼·巴希尔·迪亚涅

    影响了

    Diagne interpreted Senghor’s Négritude as a philosophy of African art and defended it against the charge of essentialism. S. B. Diagne, Léopold Sédar Senghor : l’art africain comme philosophie (2007; English African Art as Philosophy, 2011); SEP “Négritude” (Diagne)

    依据: AI 草稿

    苏莱曼·巴希尔·迪亚涅 › 1955年生

批评

受批评于 4

  • 让-保罗·萨特

    受其批评

    In “Black Orpheus”, his preface to Senghor’s anthology of new Black poetry (1948), Sartre hailed négritude as revolutionary poetry but called it an “anti-racist racism”, the weak moment of a dialectic destined to be overcome – the reading Fanon rejected. J.-P. Sartre, “Orphée noir”, preface to L. S. Senghor (ed.), Anthologie de la nouvelle poésie nègre et malgache de langue française (1948)

    依据: AI 草稿

    让-保罗·萨特 › 1905–1980

  • 弗朗茨·法农

    受其批评

    Fanon warned that négritude risks fixing culture as an essence instead of joining the living struggle for national liberation (The Wretched of the Earth, 1961). F. Fanon, Les damnés de la terre (1961), ch. 4 “Sur la culture nationale”

    依据: AI 草稿

    弗朗茨·法农 › 1925–1961

  • 马尔相·托瓦

    受其批评

    Towa argued that Senghor’s opposition of African emotion to European reason accepts the colonial image of the African and turns subjection into an identity. M. Towa, Léopold Sédar Senghor : négritude ou servitude ? (1971); D. A. Masolo, African Philosophy in Search of Identity (1994)

    依据: AI 草稿

    马尔相·托瓦 › 1931–2014

  • 保兰·洪通吉

    受其批评

    Hountondji counted Senghor’s négritude as ethnophilosophy: it ascribes a fixed collective mentality to Africans, repeating colonial stereotypes in a positive key (Sur la « philosophie africaine », 1976). P. Hountondji, Sur la « philosophie africaine » (1976); L. S. Senghor, “Ce que l’homme noir apporte” (1939)

    依据: AI 草稿

    保兰·洪通吉 › 1942–2024

作品

立场

With Césaire and Léon-Gontran Damas, Senghor founded Négritude, a movement that reclaimed the cultural values of the Black world against colonial contempt. In his poetry and essays he described an African way of knowing that grasps the world less by analytical distance than by participation, emotion and rhythm. Critics, among them Hountondji and Wole Soyinka, accused him of repeating colonial stereotypes in a positive key. Senghor himself understood Négritude as a contribution to a coming “civilization of the universal,” to which every culture brings its own gifts. Politically he advocated an African socialism rooted in communal traditions.

生平与背景

Senghor was born in 1906 in Joal, Senegal, and went to Paris to study, where he met Aimé Césaire. In 1935 he became the first African to pass the agrégation. He taught in France, was a prisoner of war, then deputy in the French National Assembly. From 1960 to 1980 he was Senegal’s first president. In 1983 he was elected to the Académie française. He died in Normandy in 2001.

其他主要作品

  • Chants d’ombre (1945)
  • Éthiopiques (1956)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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