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西蒙娜·韦伊

1909–1943

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对他人，尤其是对身处深重苦难中的人，给予纯粹的关注，是伦理的核心——而对人的义务先于权利。

定位

政治哲学与伦理学（20—21世纪） · 西欧 · 宗教, 伦理学, 政治与法

哲学家、工厂工人和神秘主义者：专注、苦难与“灵魂的需要”处于一种激进的义务伦理学的核心。

核心思想

  • 专注
  • 苦难（malheur）
  • 义务先于权利
  • 扎根

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影响

受影响于 2

  • 柏拉图

    受其影响

    Weil read Plato as a mystic whose Good and ascent from the cave prefigure grace (‘Dieu dans Platon’, in La Source grecque, 1953). S. Weil, “Dieu dans Platon”, in La Source grecque (1953); Intuitions pré-chrétiennes (1951)

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    柏拉图 › 公元前428—前348年

  • 勒内·笛卡尔

    受其影响

    Weil’s diploma thesis read Descartes as a philosopher of methodical work, for whom perception and knowledge arise from action on the world (Science et perception dans Descartes, 1930). S. Weil, Science et perception dans Descartes (diplôme d’études supérieures, 1930), in Œuvres complètes I (1988)

    依据: AI 草稿

    勒内·笛卡尔 › 1596–1650

影响了 2

  • 阿尔贝·加缪

    影响了

    Camus published Weil’s posthumous The Need for Roots (1949) in his Espoir series at Gallimard, holding that no renewal of Europe could ignore its demands. S. Weil, L’Enracinement (1949), coll. Espoir, ed. A. Camus; SEP “Simone Weil”

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    阿尔贝·加缪 › 1913–1960

  • 艾丽丝·默多克

    影响了

    Murdoch borrowed Weil’s word ‘attention’ for ‘a just and loving gaze directed upon an individual reality’, the core of moral life (The Sovereignty of Good, 1970). I. Murdoch, The Sovereignty of Good (1970); S. Weil, “Réflexions sur le bon usage des études scolaires” (1942), in Attente de Dieu (1950); SEP “Iris Murdoch”; SEP “Simone Weil”

    依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO

    艾丽丝·默多克 › 1919–1999

批评

批评了 1

  • 卡尔·马克思

    批评了

    Weil called Marx’s faith in productive forces a myth: oppression stems from how labour is organised (Réflexions sur les causes de la liberté et de l’oppression sociale, 1934). S. Weil, Réflexions sur les causes de la liberté et de l’oppression sociale (1934; publ. in Oppression et liberté, 1955); SEP “Simone Weil”

    依据: AI 草稿

    卡尔·马克思 › 1818–1883

作品

  • 1947重负与神恩

    摘自她笔记本的箴言：灵魂被重力向下拉，唯有恩典才能使之上升。

  • 1949扎根

    义务先于权利：灵魂的需要与现代人的无根状态。

立场

Weil’s thought moves between politics and mysticism. Her factory year taught her what “affliction” (malheur) means: a suffering that crushes the soul and makes the person invisible. Against it she set attention, a patient, self-forgetting openness to reality and to the other, which she considered the core of both prayer and justice. In The Need for Roots, written for a liberated France, she argued that obligations come before rights and listed the “needs of the soul,” such as order, freedom and rootedness. Almost all her works appeared posthumously and influenced thinkers from Albert Camus to Iris Murdoch.

生平与背景

Simone Weil was born in Paris in 1909 into an agnostic Jewish family; her brother André became a mathematician. She studied at the École normale supérieure and taught philosophy at girls’ schools. In 1934–35 she worked in factories, and in 1936 briefly joined the anarchists in the Spanish Civil War. In 1942 she reached London to work for the Free French; she died in England in 1943, aged 34.

其他主要作品

  • Gravity and Grace (1947)
  • The Need for Roots (1949)
  • Waiting for God (1950)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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