赫伯特·马尔库塞

Agora

赫伯特·马尔库塞

1898–1979

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

消费社会使人们满足而顺从，吸收了每一种形式的抗议——所以真正的自由需要拒绝整个体系。

定位

社会主义、无政府主义、马克思主义与批判理论 · 西欧 · 社会与历史, 政治与法

《单向度的人》：消费社会吸纳了一切反抗。

核心思想

单向度
压抑性宽容
大拒绝

老师: 埃德蒙德·胡塞尔, 马丁·海德格尔

学生: 安吉拉·戴维斯

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影响

受影响于 4

格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔

受其影响
Marcuse interpreted Hegel’s ontology of life (Hegels Ontologie, 1932) and in Reason and Revolution (1941) defended Hegel’s dialectic as critical thought against positivism and fascist readings. H. Marcuse, Hegels Ontologie und die Theorie der Geschichtlichkeit (1932); Reason and Revolution: Hegel and the Rise of Social Theory (1941); SEP “Herbert Marcuse”
依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO
格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔 › 1770–1831
卡尔·马克思

受其影响
Marcuse reviewed the newly printed Paris Manuscripts in 1932, reading them as a philosophical foundation of historical materialism centred on labour and alienation. H. Marcuse, “Neue Quellen zur Grundlegung des Historischen Materialismus”, Die Gesellschaft 9 (1932); K. Marx, Ökonomisch-philosophische Manuskripte (written 1844, printed 1932)
依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO
卡尔·马克思 › 1818–1883
西格蒙德·弗洛伊德

受其影响
In Eros and Civilization (1955) Marcuse historicised Freud’s reality principle as the ‘performance principle’ of capitalist society and distinguished necessary from ‘surplus repression’. H. Marcuse, Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Inquiry into Freud (1955); SEP “Herbert Marcuse”
依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO
西格蒙德·弗洛伊德 › 1856–1939
埃德蒙德·胡塞尔师从

师从
In his second period in Freiburg (1928–32) Marcuse studied with Husserl as well as with Heidegger, though Heidegger was his main teacher; he had already taken his doctorate there in 1922, in German literature. SEP “Herbert Marcuse”; D. Kellner, Herbert Marcuse and the Crisis of Marxism (1984)
依据: AI 草稿
埃德蒙德·胡塞尔 › 1859–1938

影响了 1

安吉拉·戴维斯教过

教过 ✓
Davis attended Marcuse’s lectures at Brandeis as an undergraduate (BA 1965) and, after her Frankfurt years, followed him to the University of California, San Diego, to work towards a doctorate under him (MA 1968). A. Davis, An Autobiography (1974)
依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata
安吉拉·戴维斯 › 1944年生

批评

批评了 2

马丁·海德格尔师从

师从
Impressed by Being and Time, Marcuse returned to Freiburg in 1928 to study with Heidegger and wrote Hegels Ontologie und die Grundlegung einer Theorie der Geschichtlichkeit (1932) as a Habilitation thesis, which did not lead to a Habilitation; in 1933 he joined Horkheimer’s Institute. SEP “Herbert Marcuse”; D. Kellner, Herbert Marcuse and the Crisis of Marxism (1984)
依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO
批评了
Marcuse asked Heidegger in 1947 to disavow National Socialism, and later called the concreteness of Being and Time ‘to a great extent a phony, a false concreteness’ (1977). H. Marcuse to M. Heidegger, 28 Aug. 1947, and Heidegger’s reply, 20 Jan. 1948; F. Olafson, “Heidegger’s Politics: An Interview with Herbert Marcuse”, Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal 6 (1977)
依据: AI 草稿
马丁·海德格尔 › 1889–1976
埃里希·弗洛姆

批评了
In the epilogue to Eros and Civilization (1955) Marcuse attacked Fromm’s neo-Freudian revisionism for dropping drive theory and turning psychoanalysis into an idealist ethics of adjustment. H. Marcuse, Eros and Civilization (1955), Epilogue “Critique of Neo-Freudian Revisionism”; Fromm’s reply and the ensuing exchange in Dissent (1955–56)
依据: AI 草稿
埃里希·弗洛姆 › 1900–1980

作品

1955爱欲与文明
一种非压抑性的文明是可以设想的。
1964单向度的人
虚假的需要与全面的管理。

立场

Marcuse combined Marx and Freud to analyse advanced industrial society. In Eros and Civilization he argued that civilisation demands more repression than is necessary – a “surplus repression” serving domination – and that a non-repressive culture is conceivable. One-Dimensional Man described a society that integrates all opposition by satisfying “false needs” through consumption and administration, so that people no longer imagine alternatives. Even tolerance can become repressive when it neutralises critique. Hope lies in the “great refusal” of those outside the system. His books made him one of the most widely read authors of the 1968 movement.

生平与背景

Marcuse, from a Berlin Jewish family, studied with Heidegger in Freiburg before joining the Institute for Social Research. He emigrated to the United States in 1934, worked for the US government during the war and later taught at Brandeis and the University of California in San Diego. In the 1960s he became a leading intellectual of the New Left and the student movement.