丁若镛（茶山）

Agora

丁若镛（茶山）

1762–1836

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

人的本性是一种趋向善的倾向，德性是通过善行而获得的，而政府的存在是为了服务人民。

定位

东亚哲学 · 东亚 · 伦理学, 政治与法

朝鲜“实学”（silhak）的思想家，被流放18年：人性是一种嗜好（偏好）的倾向，美德靠行动习得，政府必须为民众服务。

核心思想

性是嗜好（giho）
美德来自实践
《牧民心书》

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影响

受影响于 3

孔子

受其影响
In his Old and New Commentaries on the Analects (Noneo gogeumju, 1813) Jeong Yak-yong read Confucius’ humaneness as realised in practice between persons, not as an inner principle. Jeong Yak-yong, Noneo gogeumju (1813); M. Setton, Chŏng Yagyong: Korea’s Challenge to Orthodox Neo-Confucianism (1997)
依据: AI 草稿
孔子 › 相传公元前551—前479年
孟子

受其影响
Jeong Yak-yong read Mencius’ four sprouts as beginnings of virtues completed only in action, so that humaneness exists only after it is practised (Maengja youi, 1814). Jeong Yak-yong, Maengja youi (1814); M. Setton, Chŏng Yagyong: Korea’s Challenge to Orthodox Neo-Confucianism (1997)
依据: AI 草稿
孟子 › 约公元前372—前289年年
李滉

受其影响
Jeong Yak-yong read Yi Hwang’s letters as guides to self-examination and recorded his reflections as a private disciple of Toegye (Dosan sasungnok). Jeong Yak-yong, Dosan sasungnok, in Yeoyudang jeonseo; M. Setton, Chŏng Yagyong: Korea’s Challenge to Orthodox Neo-Confucianism (1997)
依据: AI 草稿
李滉 › 1501–1570

批评

批评了 1

朱熹

批评了
Jeong Yak-yong (Dasan) rejected Zhu Xi’s identification of human nature with principle, defining it as an inclination (giho) to delight in goodness, realised through practice. Jeong Yak-yong, Maengja youi; M. Setton, Chŏng Yagyong: Korea’s Challenge to Orthodox Neo-Confucianism, 1997
依据: AI 草稿
朱熹 › 1130–1200

作品

1818牧民心书（Mongmin simseo）
流放期间写成：一部详尽的地方官员手册，坚持官员是为人民而存在，而不是人民为官员而存在。

立场

Dasan reinterpreted the Confucian classics against Zhu Xi’s metaphysics. Human nature is not principle (li) but a disposition of preference (giho): we delight in the good and feel shame at evil, as we have a taste for food. Virtues such as humaneness are not innate substances but names for actions performed – only one who has actually served his parents can be called filial. Humans have free choice and stand under a watchful Lord on High (Sangje), an idea some scholars link to his reading of Catholic writings. Politically he demanded land reform and a government that exists for the people. He is regarded as the culmination of silhak.

生平与背景

Jeong Yak-yong, known as Dasan, was born in 1762 near Seoul into a family of the Southerners faction. He passed the state examination in 1789 and served King Jeongjo, helping to plan the fortress of Hwaseong. Early contact with Catholic writings made him suspect: in the persecution of 1801 one brother was executed, and Dasan was exiled, mostly in Gangjin, until 1818. He died in 1836.