Agora思想的公共广场

哈拉尔德·霍夫丁

1843–1931

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

心灵应通过经验来研究，它是认识、情感和意志的统一体；道德的尺度是所有人的福祉；而宗教的核心是这样一种信念：有价值的东西不会在世界的进程中失落。

定位

经验主义、启蒙运动与自由主义 · 北欧 · 心灵与意识, 伦理学, 宗教, 认识论

哥本哈根的丹麦哲学家和心理学家：心理学应以经验为基础，伦理学以所有人的福祉为基础，宗教以对价值守恒的信念为基础；他广为翻译的《近代哲学史》和对克尔凯郭尔的研究使他在欧洲闻名。

核心思想

  • 以经验为基础的心理学
  • 普遍福祉的伦理学
  • 价值守恒
  • 批判的一元论

在星图中打开

影响

受影响于 2

  • 约翰·斯图尔特·密尔

    受其影响

    Høffding’s Ethics (1887) made the welfare of all the measure of morality, after Bentham and Mill, and ‘Democratic Radicalism’ (1889) defended it against Brandes. H. Høffding, Etik (1887); “Demokratisk Radikalisme”, Tilskueren (1889)

    依据: AI 草稿

    约翰·斯图尔特·密尔 › 1806–1873

  • 索伦·克尔凯郭尔

    受其影响

    After a religious crisis while reading Kierkegaard, Høffding wrote one of the first philosophical studies of him, Søren Kierkegaard as Philosopher (1892). H. Høffding, Søren Kierkegaard som Filosof (1892)

    依据: AI 草稿

    索伦·克尔凯郭尔 › 1813–1855

影响了 1

  • 威廉·詹姆斯

    影响了

    James cited Høffding’s psychology in The Principles of Psychology (1890) and wrote the preface to the English translation of his The Problems of Philosophy (1905). W. James, The Principles of Psychology (1890); preface to H. Høffding, The Problems of Philosophy (1905)

    依据: AI 草稿

    威廉·詹姆斯 › 1842–1910

批评

批评了 2

  • 格奥尔格·勃兰兑斯

    批评了

    Høffding’s ‘Democratic Radicalism’ (1889) answered Brandes’ ‘Aristocratic Radicalism’: culture must serve the welfare of the many, not only produce great individuals; Brandes replied in 1890. H. Høffding, “Demokratisk Radikalisme”, Tilskueren 1889; G. Brandes, “Aristokratisk Radikalisme”, Tilskueren 1889; W. Banks (ed.), The Great Debate (2024)

    依据: AI 草稿

    格奥尔格·勃兰兑斯 › 1842–1927

  • 弗里德里希·尼采

    批评了

    Against the Nietzsche whom Brandes presented, Høffding defended a welfare ethics of the greatest happiness and rejected the great human being as the measure of culture (Tilskueren, 1889). H. Høffding, “Demokratisk Radikalisme”, Tilskueren 1889; W. Banks (ed.), The Great Debate: Nietzsche, Culture, and the Scandinavian Welfare Society (2024)

    依据: AI 草稿

    弗里德里希·尼采 › 1844–1900

作品

  • 1894近代哲学史

    两卷本（1894—1895），从文艺复兴写到十九世纪末，被译成多种语言：伟大的哲学体系被呈现为把握知识、自然与价值之关系的尝试，并关注其心理学和伦理学的方面。

  • 1901宗教哲学

    宗教不被当作关于超自然者的知识来考察，而被当作对价值守恒的信念——相信有价值的东西不会在世界进程中失落；教义是这种经验的象征。

立场

Høffding is on the map as the central Danish philosopher between Kierkegaard and the twentieth century and as a mediator of European debates. His “Psychology on the Basis of Experience” (1882) treated the mind as a unity of knowing, feeling and willing, studied empirically without reducing consciousness to physiology; he called his position “critical monism”: mind and matter are two aspects of one reality, known from different sides. His “Ethics” (1887) made the welfare of all the measure of morality, in the line of Bentham and Mill. In 1889 he answered Georg Brandes’s essay on Nietzsche with “Democratic Radicalism”, defending the happiness of the many against an ethics of great individuals – a debate that is now read as an early dispute over the Nordic welfare state. In the “Philosophy of Religion” (1901) the core of religion is the faith in the conservation of value. He wrote one of the first philosophical studies of Kierkegaard (1892), a widely used “History of Modern Philosophy” and a study of Bergson (1914), to which Bergson replied with a letter on intuition. William James wrote the preface to the English translation of his “Problems of Philosophy” (1905).

生平与背景

Harald Høffding was born on 11 March 1843 in Copenhagen into a merchant family. He studied theology at the University of Copenhagen, went through a religious crisis while reading Kierkegaard and turned to philosophy, taking his doctorate in 1870. After years as a schoolteacher he became lecturer (1880) and then professor of philosophy at Copenhagen (1883), where he taught until 1915. His textbooks in psychology, ethics and the history of philosophy were translated into many languages, and he corresponded with William James, Henri Bergson and Ferdinand Tönnies, among others. Among his students was Niels Bohr. From 1914 he lived in the Carlsberg honorary residence, which the Carlsberg Foundation provides for a distinguished Danish scholar or artist. He died in Copenhagen on 2 July 1931.

其他主要作品

  • Psykologi i Omrids paa Grundlag af Erfaring (1882)
  • Etik (1887)
  • Søren Kierkegaard som Filosof (1892)
  • Den nyere Filosofis Historie (2 vols., 1894–95)
  • Religionsfilosofi (1901)
  • Filosofiske Problemer (1902; The Problems of Philosophy, 1905)
  • Henri Bergsons Filosofi (1914)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

截至 2026年11月 · 来源 · 改进本页 · Agora 是如何制作的

在星图中打开