वांग यांगमिंग
हर कोई पहले से ही भले और बुरे का एक आंतरिक ज्ञान लिए है – और वास्तविक जानना केवल कर्म में प्रकट होता है।
पृष्ठभूमि
ज्ञान और कर्म की एकता: जन्मजात शुभ-ज्ञान अपने ही हृदय-मन में है।
मुख्य विचार
- ज्ञान और कर्म की एकता
- लियांगझी
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 2
मेनसियस
जिनसे प्रभावित
Wang Yangming took his central term, innate knowing (liangzhi), from Mencius and made its extension the core of moral cultivation (Instructions for Practical Living). Wang Yangming, Chuanxi lu, tr. W.-t. Chan, Instructions for Practical Living (1963); SEP “Wang Yangming”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मेनसियस › लगभग 372–289 ईसा पूर्व
लू श्यांगशान
जिनसे प्रभावित
Prefacing Lu Jiuyuan’s collected works (1520), Wang Yangming declared that the learning of the sages is the learning of the mind, placing Lu in its line. Wang Yangming, Xiangshan wenji xu (1520); W.-t. Chan, Instructions for Practical Living (1963); SEP “Wang Yangming”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
लू श्यांगशान › 1139–1193
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 5
हुआंग ज़ोंगशी
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
In his Records of Ming Scholars (Mingru xue’an, 1676) Huang Zongxi, a student of Liu Zongzhou, placed Wang Yangming’s school at the centre of Ming thought. Huang Zongxi, Mingru xue’an (1676), tr. J. Ching, The Records of Ming Scholars (1987)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
हुआंग ज़ोंगशी › 1610–1695
श्योंग शिली
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Xiong Shili found support for his unity of substance and function in Wang Yangming’s teaching that the mind itself is principle (Xin weishi lun, 1932). Xiong Shili, Xin weishi lun (1932), tr. J. Makeham, New Treatise on the Uniqueness of Consciousness (2015)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
श्योंग शिली › 1885–1968
लियांग शुमिंग
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Liang Shuming joined Bergson’s intuition to Wang Yangming’s innate knowing and felt close to the Taizhou school of Wang’s followers, which addressed ordinary people (1921). Liang Shuming, Dong Xi wenhua ji qi zhexue (1921); G. Alitto, The Last Confucian (1979)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
लियांग शुमिंग › 1893–1988
मोउ ज़ोंगसान
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Mou Zongsan placed Wang Yangming’s innate knowing in the main line of Confucian moral metaphysics, from Mencius through Lu Jiuyuan (From Lu Xiangshan to Liu Jishan, 1979). Mou Zongsan, Cong Lu Xiangshan dao Liu Jishan (1979); Xinti yu xingti (1968–69); IEP “Mou Zongsan”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मोउ ज़ोंगसान › 1909–1995
तू वेइमिंग
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Tu Weiming’s Neo-Confucian Thought in Action: Wang Yang-ming’s Youth (1976), from his Harvard dissertation (1968), traced how Wang’s teaching grew from his own search for sagehood. Tu Wei-ming, Neo-Confucian Thought in Action: Wang Yang-ming’s Youth (1472–1509) (1976)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
तू वेइमिंग › जन्म 1940
आलोचना
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित 2
यी ह्वांग
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Yi Hwang (Toegye) attacked Wang Yangming’s Instructions for Practical Living, rejecting the unity of knowledge and action and ‘mind is principle’ as Chan in Confucian dress. Yi Hwang, Jeonseumnok nonbyeon; E. Y. J. Chung, The Korean Neo-Confucianism of Yi T’oegye and Yi Yulgok, 1995
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
यी ह्वांग › 1501–1570
वांग फ़ुझी
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Wang Fuzhi blamed the Wang Yangming school’s teaching of innate knowing for empty, Chan-like talk detached from things and practice. Wang Fuzhi, Zhangzi Zhengmeng zhu, preface; SEP “Wang Fuzhi”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
वांग फ़ुझी › 1619–1692
जिनकी आलोचना की 1
झू शी जिनसे प्रभावित
जिनसे प्रभावित
In Zhuzi wannian dinglun (1518) Wang Yangming selected letters of Zhu Xi to argue that Zhu had late in life approached Wang’s own learning of the mind. Wang Yangming, Zhuzi wannian dinglun (1518); W.-t. Chan, Instructions for Practical Living (1963)
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
जिनकी आलोचना की
Wang Yangming rejected Zhu Xi’s investigation of external things, which he had tried in vain on bamboo: principle is in the mind, and knowing is acting (Chuanxi lu). Wang Yangming, Chuanxi lu (1518 ff.), tr. W.-t. Chan, Instructions for Practical Living, 1963; SEP “Wang Yangming”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
झू शी › 1130–1200
कृतियाँ
ज्ञान और कर्म एक हैं; सिद्धांत अपने ही हृदय में है।
मत
Wang Yangming broke with Zhu Xi’s method of studying principle in external things. Principle is not out there to be investigated; the mind itself is principle. Every person possesses liangzhi, innate knowledge of the good, which needs only to be extended and freed from selfish desires. Hence his famous doctrine of the unity of knowledge and action: truly to know filial piety is already to act filially, and knowing that does not issue in action is not yet real knowledge. His School of Mind became influential in Ming China and, as Yōmeigaku, in Japan, including among the reformers of the Meiji era.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Wang Yangming (Wang Shouren) was a scholar-official of the Ming dynasty and also a successful general who put down rebellions. In 1506, after criticising a powerful eunuch, he was flogged and banished to remote Longchang in Guizhou; there, in 1508, he experienced a sudden enlightenment that reoriented his thinking. He later held high office and taught many disciples.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Instructions for Practical Living (Chuanxi lu, 1518, later expanded)
- Inquiry on the Great Learning (Daxue wen, 1527)
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