हाइनरिष रिकर्ट

कृतियाँ

• 1899संस्कृति-विज्ञान और प्राकृतिक विज्ञान (Kulturwissenschaft und Naturwissenschaft)

  रिकर्ट द्वारा विज्ञानों के अपने विभाजन का पहले का कथन (1899): प्राकृतिक विज्ञान सामान्यीकरण करते हैं, संस्कृति-विज्ञान अपनी वस्तुओं को मूल्यों से जोड़ते हैं; Die Grenzen der naturwissenschaftlichen Begriffsbildung ने बाद में उसे पूर्ण तार्किक आधार दिया।

• 1902प्राकृतिक-वैज्ञानिक अवधारणा-निर्माण की सीमाएँ (Die Grenzen der naturwissenschaftlichen Begriffsbildung)

  तर्क देती है कि प्राकृतिक विज्ञान सामान्य अवधारणाएँ और नियम बनाते हैं, जबकि इतिहास मूल्यों से संबंध द्वारा जो महत्त्वपूर्ण है उसे चुनकर एकल वस्तुओं की अवधारणाएँ बनाता है; बाडेन संप्रदाय का तार्किक ढाँचा, जो विंडेलबांड के भेद से विकसित हुआ और जिसे मैक्स वेबर ने अपनाया।

मत

Rickert is on the map as the systematic head of the Southwest German (Baden) School of neo-Kantianism. In The Limits of Concept Formation in Natural Science (1902) he developed Windelband’s distinction into a logic of the sciences: the natural sciences form general concepts, history forms concepts of singular things by selecting what is essential through its relation to values (Wertbeziehung), which must be kept apart from the historian’s own valuing. Max Weber took over this frame for the social sciences, but rejected Rickert’s recourse to ends that are valid across all cultures. In the System of Philosophy (1921) Rickert grounded the cultural sciences in a system of values. He was an opponent of Dilthey, objecting that psychology cannot ground the human sciences and that re-living past experience would not amount to understanding it; Husserl and Lask in turn criticised parts of his theory. Heidegger wrote his habilitation under him in 1915 and in his lecture course of 1919 criticised the neo-Kantian philosophy of value of Windelband, Rickert and Lask.

जीवन और संदर्भ

Heinrich Rickert was born on 25 May 1863 in Danzig (Gdańsk), the son of a Berlin liberal politician and editor. He studied in Berlin, where he heard Friedrich Paulsen, and from 1885 in Strasbourg with Wilhelm Windelband, under whom he wrote his dissertation On the Theory of Definition (1888). For health reasons he moved to Freiburg in 1889, habilitated there under Alois Riehl with The Object of Knowledge, and became associate professor in 1894 and full professor in 1896. In 1915 he succeeded Windelband in Heidelberg, where he taught until 1932; he died there on 25 July 1936.

अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ

• The Object of Knowledge (Der Gegenstand der Erkenntnis, 1892)
• System of Philosophy, vol. 1 (System der Philosophie, 1921)
• Kant as Philosopher of Modern Culture (Kant als Philosoph der modernen Kultur, 1924)