जोवानी पिको देला मीरदेला
मनुष्यों का कोई स्थिर स्वभाव नहीं; हम जो चाहें स्वयं को बना लेने के लिए स्वतंत्र हैं, पशुओं तक गिरते या दिव्य की ओर उठते हुए।
पृष्ठभूमि
बाद में “मनुष्य की गरिमा पर भाषण” शीर्षक वाले भाषण में, जो उनकी 900 स्थापनाओं पर सार्वजनिक बहस का आरंभ करने के लिए था, ईश्वर मनुष्य को कोई निश्चित स्थान दिए बिना छोड़ता है, स्वयं को गढ़ने के लिए स्वतंत्र; पिको ने सभी परंपराओं की, कबाला सहित, एक छिपी हुई संगति खोजी।
मुख्य विचार
- मनुष्य की गरिमा
- समन्वयवाद
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 5
प्लेटो
जिनसे प्रभावित
Pico expounded Plato’s doctrine of love from the Symposium in his Commento (1486) and defended the concord of Plato and Aristotle in De ente et uno (1491). G. Pico della Mirandola, Commento sopra una canzone d’amore (1486); De ente et uno (1491); SEP “Giovanni Pico della Mirandola”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
प्लेटो › 428–348 ईसा पूर्व
अरस्तू
जिनसे प्रभावित
Pico held that Aristotle agrees with Plato in substance and argued this on being and the one in De ente et uno (1491). G. Pico della Mirandola, De ente et uno (1491); Conclusiones (1486); SEP “Giovanni Pico della Mirandola”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
अरस्तू › 384–322 ईसा पूर्व
प्लोटिनस
जिनसे प्रभावित
Pico included fifteen theses ‘according to Plotinus’ among those of the later Platonists in his 900 Conclusions (1486), alongside theses after Porphyry, Iamblichus and Proclus. G. Pico della Mirandola, Conclusiones (Rome, 1486); S. A. Farmer, Syncretism in the West: Pico’s 900 Theses (1998)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
प्लोटिनस › 204–270
इब्न रश्द
जिनसे प्रभावित
Pico studied Averroes in Padua with Elia del Medigo, who prepared texts for him, and included forty-one theses ‘according to Averroes’ in his 900 Conclusions (1486). G. Pico della Mirandola, Conclusiones (1486); G. Licata, Secundum Avenroem: Pico della Mirandola, Elia del Medigo e la «seconda rivelazione» di Averroè (2022)
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
इब्न रश्द › 1126–1198
मार्सिलियो फ़िचीनो
जिनसे प्रभावित
Pico joined Ficino’s Florentine circle from 1484 and took up his Platonism, though his Commento (1486) criticised parts of Ficino’s doctrine of love. G. Pico della Mirandola, Commento sopra una canzone d’amore (1486); SEP “Giovanni Pico della Mirandola”; SEP “Marsilio Ficino”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मार्सिलियो फ़िचीनो › 1433–1499
कृतियाँ
ईश्वर ने मनुष्यों को बिना निश्चित स्थान के रचा – वे स्वयं को निर्धारित करते हैं।
मत
Pico’s Oration – the title “on the Dignity of Man” was added after his death – was later read, from Burckhardt to Cassirer, as a manifesto of Renaissance humanism; recent research stresses that it introduces his theses and aims at a mystical ascent. God, Pico has him say, gave every other creature a fixed nature, but left the human being without a set place, so that we can shape ourselves – sinking to the level of beasts or rising toward the divine. Human dignity therefore lies in freedom and self-formation. Pico also believed that all great traditions – Plato and Aristotle, the Kabbalah, Hermetic writings and Christianity – share a single hidden truth, and sought to unite them. His syncretism anticipated later dreams of a universal philosophy, and his Oration is still read as an early statement of human self-determination.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Born in 1463 into the family of the lords of Mirandola, Pico studied law and philosophy in Bologna, Ferrara, Padua and Paris and joined Marsilio Ficino’s circle in Florence. In 1486 he offered to defend 900 theses publicly in Rome, but the debate never took place: a papal commission censured thirteen of them, and in August 1487 Innocent VIII condemned all 900. After a brief arrest in France he lived in Florence under the protection of Lorenzo de’ Medici and died there in 1494, aged 31.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- 900 Theses (1486)
- Oration on the Dignity of Man (1486)
- Heptaplus (1489)
- On Being and the One (1491)
- Disputations against Divinatory Astrology (1496)
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