بيكو ديلا ميراندولا
ليس للإنسان طبيعة ثابتة؛ نحن أحرار في أن نصنع أنفسنا ما شئنا، فننحطّ إلى البهائم أو نرتقي نحو الإلهي.
التموضع
في الخطبة التي سُمّيت لاحقًا «خطبة في كرامة الإنسان»، وكان مقصودًا بها افتتاح مناظرة علنية في أطروحاته التسعمئة، يترك الله الإنسان بلا موضع ثابت، حرًّا في تشكيل نفسه؛ وسعى بيكو إلى وفاق خفي بين التقاليد كلها، ومنها القبالة.
الأفكار الرئيسة
- كرامة الإنسان
- التوفيقية
التأثير
تأثّر بـ 5
أفلاطون
تأثّر بـ
Pico expounded Plato’s doctrine of love from the Symposium in his Commento (1486) and defended the concord of Plato and Aristotle in De ente et uno (1491). G. Pico della Mirandola, Commento sopra una canzone d’amore (1486); De ente et uno (1491); SEP “Giovanni Pico della Mirandola”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
أفلاطون › 428–348 ق.م
أرسطو
تأثّر بـ
Pico held that Aristotle agrees with Plato in substance and argued this on being and the one in De ente et uno (1491). G. Pico della Mirandola, De ente et uno (1491); Conclusiones (1486); SEP “Giovanni Pico della Mirandola”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
أرسطو › 384–322 ق.م
أفلوطين
تأثّر بـ
Pico included fifteen theses ‘according to Plotinus’ among those of the later Platonists in his 900 Conclusions (1486), alongside theses after Porphyry, Iamblichus and Proclus. G. Pico della Mirandola, Conclusiones (Rome, 1486); S. A. Farmer, Syncretism in the West: Pico’s 900 Theses (1998)
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
أفلوطين › 204–270
ابن رشد
تأثّر بـ
Pico studied Averroes in Padua with Elia del Medigo, who prepared texts for him, and included forty-one theses ‘according to Averroes’ in his 900 Conclusions (1486). G. Pico della Mirandola, Conclusiones (1486); G. Licata, Secundum Avenroem: Pico della Mirandola, Elia del Medigo e la «seconda rivelazione» di Averroè (2022)
التوثيق: مسجّل أيضًا في InPhO · InPhO
ابن رشد › 1126–1198
مارسيليو فيسينو
تأثّر بـ
Pico joined Ficino’s Florentine circle from 1484 and took up his Platonism, though his Commento (1486) criticised parts of Ficino’s doctrine of love. G. Pico della Mirandola, Commento sopra una canzone d’amore (1486); SEP “Giovanni Pico della Mirandola”; SEP “Marsilio Ficino”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
مارسيليو فيسينو › 1433–1499
الأعمال
خلق الله الإنسان بلا مكان ثابت – فهو يحدّد نفسه بنفسه.
الموقف
Pico’s Oration – the title “on the Dignity of Man” was added after his death – was later read, from Burckhardt to Cassirer, as a manifesto of Renaissance humanism; recent research stresses that it introduces his theses and aims at a mystical ascent. God, Pico has him say, gave every other creature a fixed nature, but left the human being without a set place, so that we can shape ourselves – sinking to the level of beasts or rising toward the divine. Human dignity therefore lies in freedom and self-formation. Pico also believed that all great traditions – Plato and Aristotle, the Kabbalah, Hermetic writings and Christianity – share a single hidden truth, and sought to unite them. His syncretism anticipated later dreams of a universal philosophy, and his Oration is still read as an early statement of human self-determination.
الحياة والسياق
Born in 1463 into the family of the lords of Mirandola, Pico studied law and philosophy in Bologna, Ferrara, Padua and Paris and joined Marsilio Ficino’s circle in Florence. In 1486 he offered to defend 900 theses publicly in Rome, but the debate never took place: a papal commission censured thirteen of them, and in August 1487 Innocent VIII condemned all 900. After a brief arrest in France he lived in Florence under the protection of Lorenzo de’ Medici and died there in 1494, aged 31.
أعمال رئيسة أخرى
- 900 Theses (1486)
- Oration on the Dignity of Man (1486)
- Heptaplus (1489)
- On Being and the One (1491)
- Disputations against Divinatory Astrology (1496)
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