乔瓦尼·皮科·德拉·米兰多拉
人没有固定的本性；我们可以自由地把自己造就成我们所选择的任何样子，沦为野兽，或上升向神。
定位
在一篇后来被冠以《论人的尊严》之名、原本要为他的九百论题开启一场公开辩论的演说中，神让人没有固定的位置，可以自由地塑造自己；皮科寻求一切传统——包括卡巴拉——之间隐藏的和谐。
核心思想
- 人的尊严
- 融合主义
影响
受影响于 5
柏拉图
受其影响
Pico expounded Plato’s doctrine of love from the Symposium in his Commento (1486) and defended the concord of Plato and Aristotle in De ente et uno (1491). G. Pico della Mirandola, Commento sopra una canzone d’amore (1486); De ente et uno (1491); SEP “Giovanni Pico della Mirandola”
依据: AI 草稿
柏拉图 › 公元前428—前348年
亚里士多德
受其影响
Pico held that Aristotle agrees with Plato in substance and argued this on being and the one in De ente et uno (1491). G. Pico della Mirandola, De ente et uno (1491); Conclusiones (1486); SEP “Giovanni Pico della Mirandola”
依据: AI 草稿
亚里士多德 › 公元前384—前322年
普罗提诺
受其影响
Pico included fifteen theses ‘according to Plotinus’ among those of the later Platonists in his 900 Conclusions (1486), alongside theses after Porphyry, Iamblichus and Proclus. G. Pico della Mirandola, Conclusiones (Rome, 1486); S. A. Farmer, Syncretism in the West: Pico’s 900 Theses (1998)
依据: AI 草稿
普罗提诺 › 204–270
伊本·鲁世德（阿威罗伊）
受其影响
Pico studied Averroes in Padua with Elia del Medigo, who prepared texts for him, and included forty-one theses ‘according to Averroes’ in his 900 Conclusions (1486). G. Pico della Mirandola, Conclusiones (1486); G. Licata, Secundum Avenroem: Pico della Mirandola, Elia del Medigo e la «seconda rivelazione» di Averroè (2022)
依据: 亦见于 InPhO · InPhO
伊本·鲁世德（阿威罗伊） › 1126–1198
马尔西利奥·费奇诺
受其影响
Pico joined Ficino’s Florentine circle from 1484 and took up his Platonism, though his Commento (1486) criticised parts of Ficino’s doctrine of love. G. Pico della Mirandola, Commento sopra una canzone d’amore (1486); SEP “Giovanni Pico della Mirandola”; SEP “Marsilio Ficino”
依据: AI 草稿
马尔西利奥·费奇诺 › 1433–1499
作品
- 1486论人的尊严
上帝创造人时没有给他固定的位置——人自己决定自己。
立场
Pico’s Oration – the title “on the Dignity of Man” was added after his death – was later read, from Burckhardt to Cassirer, as a manifesto of Renaissance humanism; recent research stresses that it introduces his theses and aims at a mystical ascent. God, Pico has him say, gave every other creature a fixed nature, but left the human being without a set place, so that we can shape ourselves – sinking to the level of beasts or rising toward the divine. Human dignity therefore lies in freedom and self-formation. Pico also believed that all great traditions – Plato and Aristotle, the Kabbalah, Hermetic writings and Christianity – share a single hidden truth, and sought to unite them. His syncretism anticipated later dreams of a universal philosophy, and his Oration is still read as an early statement of human self-determination.
生平与背景
Born in 1463 into the family of the lords of Mirandola, Pico studied law and philosophy in Bologna, Ferrara, Padua and Paris and joined Marsilio Ficino’s circle in Florence. In 1486 he offered to defend 900 theses publicly in Rome, but the debate never took place: a papal commission censured thirteen of them, and in August 1487 Innocent VIII condemned all 900. After a brief arrest in France he lived in Florence under the protection of Lorenzo de’ Medici and died there in 1494, aged 31.
其他主要作品
- 900 Theses (1486)
- Oration on the Dignity of Man (1486)
- Heptaplus (1489)
- On Being and the One (1491)
- Disputations against Divinatory Astrology (1496)
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