अलेक्ज़ेंड्रिया का फ़ाइलो
बाइबिल और यूनानी दर्शन एक ही सत्य सिखाते हैं यदि बाइबिल को प्रतीकात्मक रूप से पढ़ा जाए – और दिव्य शब्द (लोगोस) ईश्वर को संसार से जोड़ता है।
पृष्ठभूमि
अलेक्ज़ेंड्रिया का यहूदी विचारक, जिसने प्लेटो और स्टोइकों के सहारे हिब्रू बाइबिल की रूपकात्मक व्याख्या की; उनके लोगोस-सिद्धांत ने आरंभिक ईसाई धर्मशास्त्र को आकार दिया।
मुख्य विचार
- रूपकात्मक व्याख्या
- मध्यस्थ के रूप में लोगोस
- तिमाइयोस के माध्यम से पढ़ी गई सृष्टि
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 3
पूथागोरास
जिनसे प्रभावित
Philo used Pythagorean number lore, praising the hebdomad at length in his account of creation, and Clement of Alexandria called him ‘the Pythagorean’. Philo, De opificio mundi 89–128; Clement of Alexandria, Stromata I–II; D. T. Runia, ‘Why does Clement of Alexandria call Philo “the Pythagorean”?’, Vigiliae Christianae 49 (1995)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
पूथागोरास › परंपरागत रूप से लगभग 570–495 ईसा पूर्व
प्लेटो
जिनसे प्रभावित
Philo read Genesis through Plato’s Timaeus: God makes the world after an intelligible model, the ideas in the divine Logos (De opificio mundi). Philo, De opificio mundi 16–25; D. T. Runia, Philo of Alexandria and the Timaeus of Plato (1986); IEP “Philo of Alexandria”
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प्लेटो › 428–348 ईसा पूर्व
क्रिसिप्पस
जिनसे प्रभावित
Philo used Stoic doctrines as systematised by Chrysippus, such as the grades of pneuma as cohesion, nature and soul, in his allegorical reading of Scripture. Philo, Quod Deus sit immutabilis; Legum allegoriae II; IEP “Philo of Alexandria”
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क्रिसिप्पस › लगभग 279–206 ईसा पूर्व
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 1
ओरीगेन
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Origen took over Philo’s allegorical reading of Scripture and used his exegesis, naming him only occasionally; Philo’s works survived through Origen’s library at Caesarea. D. T. Runia, Philo in Early Christian Literature (1993); IEP “Philo of Alexandria”
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ओरीगेन › लगभग 185–253
कृतियाँ
सृष्टि का उत्पत्ति-वृत्तांत प्लेटो के तिमाइयोस के प्रकाश में पढ़ा गया।
मत
Philo sought to show that the Jewish Bible and the best of Greek philosophy teach the same truth. Beneath the literal sense of Scripture he found an allegorical meaning: Abraham’s journeys become the soul’s path from the senses to the knowledge of God. God himself is utterly transcendent; we can know that he is, not what he is. He acts in the world through his powers and above all through the Logos, the divine reason containing the ideas after which the world was made – a reading of creation shaped by Plato’s Timaeus. Preserved by Christians, his works deeply influenced Church Fathers such as Clement and Origen.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Philo was born around 20 BCE into a wealthy and influential Jewish family in Alexandria, then the intellectual capital of the Greek-speaking world. He received a thorough Greek education and read the Bible in its Greek translation, the Septuagint. After anti-Jewish riots in the city in 38 CE, he led a delegation to Emperor Caligula in Rome. He died around 50 CE.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Allegorical Interpretation (Legum allegoriae, early 1st century CE)
- On the Migration of Abraham (De migratione Abrahami, early 1st century CE)
- On the Embassy to Gaius (Legatio ad Gaium, after 41 CE)
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