जाक लाकाँ
अचेतन भाषा की तरह संरचित है, और अहं तब बनता है जब बच्चा पहली बार दर्पण की प्रतिमा में स्वयं को पहचानता है।
पृष्ठभूमि
अचेतन भाषा की तरह संरचित है; दर्पण-अवस्था अहं को गढ़ती है।
मुख्य विचार
- दर्पण-अवस्था
- वास्तविक, प्रतीकात्मक, कल्पनात्मक
- अन्य की कामना
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 6
अविला की तेरेसा
जिनसे प्रभावित
In his seminar Encore (1972–73; publ. 1975) Lacan took Bernini’s Teresa as an image of a feminine jouissance beyond the phallus, attested by the mystics. J. Lacan, Le séminaire XX: Encore (1972–73; ed. J.-A. Miller, 1975); SEP “Jacques Lacan”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
अविला की तेरेसा › 1515–1582
गेऑर्ग विल्हेल्म फ़्रीडरिश हेगल
जिनसे प्रभावित
Lacan, who attended Kojève’s Hegel seminar (1933–39), took from the master–slave dialectic that desire is the desire of the other and seeks recognition (‘Subversion du sujet’, 1960). J. Lacan, “Subversion du sujet et dialectique du désir dans l’inconscient freudien” (1960), in Écrits (1966); A. Kojève, Introduction à la lecture de Hegel (1947); SEP “Jacques Lacan”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
गेऑर्ग विल्हेल्म फ़्रीडरिश हेगल › 1770–1831
ज़ीगमुंड फ़्रॉइड
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Lacan called for a return to Freud and reread condensation and displacement as metaphor and metonymy, the unconscious being structured like a language (‘L’instance de la lettre’, 1957). J. Lacan, “La chose freudienne” (1955); “L’instance de la lettre dans l’inconscient ou la raison depuis Freud” (1957), both in Écrits (1966); SEP “Jacques Lacan”
ज़ीगमुंड फ़्रॉइड › 1856–1939
फर्दिनान्द द सस्यूर
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Lacan inverted Saussure’s sign, placing the signifier over the signified and giving it primacy, so that meaning slides along chains of signifiers (‘L’instance de la lettre’, 1957). J. Lacan, “L’instance de la lettre dans l’inconscient ou la raison depuis Freud” (1957), in Écrits (1966); F. de Saussure, Cours de linguistique générale (1916); SEP “Jacques Lacan”
फर्दिनान्द द सस्यूर › 1857–1913
मार्टिन हाइडेगर
जिनसे प्रभावित ✓
Lacan, who met Heidegger in 1955, translated his ‘Logos’ for La Psychanalyse (1956) and drew on his thinking of speech and truth (Écrits, 1966). M. Heidegger, “Logos”, trans. J. Lacan, La Psychanalyse 1 (1956); J. Lacan, Écrits (1966); E. Roudinesco, Jacques Lacan (1993); SEP “Jacques Lacan”
मार्टिन हाइडेगर › 1889–1976
क्लोद लेवी-स्त्रोस
जिनसे प्रभावित
Lacan took from Lévi-Strauss’s Elementary Structures of Kinship (1949) that a symbolic law of exchange orders human relations, the core of his symbolic order (‘Fonction et champ’, 1953). J. Lacan, “Fonction et champ de la parole et du langage en psychanalyse” (1953), in Écrits (1966); C. Lévi-Strauss, Les structures élémentaires de la parenté (1949); SEP “Jacques Lacan”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
क्लोद लेवी-स्त्रोस › 1908–2009
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 5
लुई अल्थुसर
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Althusser took up Lacan’s return to Freud (‘Freud and Lacan’, 1964) and modelled ideology’s imaginary relation of individuals to their conditions on Lacan’s mirror stage (1970). L. Althusser, “Freud et Lacan”, La Nouvelle Critique (1964); “Idéologie et appareils idéologiques d’État” (1970); SEP “Louis Althusser”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
लुई अल्थुसर › 1918–1990
फ़्रांट्ज़ फ़ानों
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
In Black Skin, White Masks (1952, ch. 6) Fanon took up Lacan’s mirror stage in a long note: once the mechanism Lacan described is grasped, the real Other for the white man is the Black man, perceived on the level of the body image. F. Fanon, Peau noire, masques blancs (1952), ch. 6 “Le nègre et la psychopathologie”; J. Lacan, “Le stade du miroir” (1936/1949)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
फ़्रांट्ज़ फ़ानों › 1925–1961
लेलिया गोंज़ालेज़
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Gonzalez drew on Lacan to set consciousness, the site of misrecognition, against memory, the site of an unwritten history (‘Racismo e sexismo na cultura brasileira’, 1984). L. Gonzalez, “Racismo e sexismo na cultura brasileira”, Ciências Sociais Hoje 2 (1984)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
लेलिया गोंज़ालेज़ › 1935–1994
जूलिया क्रिस्टेवा
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
Kristeva took up Lacan’s symbolic order and mirror stage but placed before them a ‘semiotic’ level of drives and rhythms (La révolution du langage poétique, 1974). J. Kristeva, La révolution du langage poétique (1974); J. Lacan, “Le stade du miroir” (1949), in Écrits (1966); SEP “Jacques Lacan”
जूलिया क्रिस्टेवा › जन्म 1941
स्लावोय झ़िझ़ेक
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
Žižek took up Lacan’s registers of the Imaginary, Symbolic and Real and his concept of fantasy to analyse ideology and popular culture (Looking Awry, 1991). S. Žižek, The Sublime Object of Ideology (1989); Looking Awry: An Introduction to Jacques Lacan through Popular Culture (1991)
स्लावोय झ़िझ़ेक › जन्म 1949
आलोचना
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित 4
कोर्नेलियस कास्तोरियादिस
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Castoriadis rejected Lacan’s view of the imaginary as specular illusion, conceiving it as radical creation, and attacked Lacanian practice (Imaginary Institution, 1975; ‘La psychanalyse, projet et élucidation’, 1977). C. Castoriadis, L’institution imaginaire de la société (1975); “La psychanalyse, projet et élucidation”, in Les carrefours du labyrinthe I (1978), pp. 81–157
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
कोर्नेलियस कास्तोरियादिस › 1922–1997
जाक देरिदा
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
In ‘Le facteur de la vérité’ (1975) Derrida read Lacan’s seminar on Poe’s ‘Purloined Letter’ as phallogocentric and contested that a letter always reaches its destination. J. Derrida, “Le facteur de la vérité”, Poétique 21 (1975), repr. in La carte postale (1980); J. Lacan, “Le séminaire sur ‘La lettre volée’”, in Écrits (1966)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
जाक देरिदा › 1930–2004
लूस इरिगरे जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Irigaray, trained in Lacan’s École freudienne, took over his view that the subject is constituted in language and asked which sex that language serves (Speculum, 1974). L. Irigaray, Speculum de l’autre femme (1974); Ce sexe qui n’en est pas un (1977); M. Whitford, Luce Irigaray: Philosophy in the Feminine (1991)
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Irigaray argued that Lacan’s symbolic order, organised around the phallus, admits woman only as lack (‘Così fan tutti’, in Ce sexe qui n’en est pas un, 1977). L. Irigaray, “Così fan tutti”, in Ce sexe qui n’en est pas un (1977); Speculum de l’autre femme (1974)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
लूस इरिगरे › जन्म 1930
जूडिथ बट्लर
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Butler objected that Lacan’s symbolic law fixes sexual positions around the phallus as quasi-timeless, and recast the phallus as a resignifiable norm (Bodies That Matter, 1993, ch. 2). J. Butler, Gender Trouble (1990), ch. 2; Bodies That Matter (1993), ch. 2 “The Lesbian Phallus and the Morphological Imaginary”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
जूडिथ बट्लर › जन्म 1956
कृतियाँ
- 1966एक्रीं (लेख)
दर्पण-अवस्था और अचेतन में अक्षर की प्रवृत्ति।
मत
Lacan called for a “return to Freud,” whom he read through Saussure’s linguistics and structural anthropology. His famous thesis: the unconscious is structured like a language – it works with displacements and condensations like metaphor and metonymy. In the “mirror stage” the infant recognises itself in its mirror image and forms an ego that is from the outset an imaginary, alienated identification. Human beings are subjects of the “symbolic order” of language and law, into which they are born and which divides them. Lacan distinguished the registers of the Imaginary, the Symbolic and the Real, and described desire as “the desire of the Other.” His difficult work influenced literary theory, film studies, feminism and philosophers such as Žižek.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Lacan was born in Paris in 1901 and trained as a psychiatrist; his dissertation on paranoia attracted the interest of the surrealists. From 1953 he gave a public seminar for almost three decades that became a Parisian intellectual institution. Expelled from the International Psychoanalytical Association, he founded the École freudienne de Paris in 1964, which he dissolved shortly before his death in 1981.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- The Mirror Stage as Formative of the I Function (1949)
- Écrits (1966)
- The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (Seminar XI) (1973)
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