फ़्रीडरिश हेल्डरलिन
विषयी को वस्तु से बाँटने वाले हर निर्णय से पहले सत्ता की एक मौलिक एकता है, जिसके निकट अब केवल कविता पहुँच सकती है।
पृष्ठभूमि
कवि-दार्शनिक; ट्यूबिंगन में हेगल और शेलिंग के रूममेट। “निर्णय और सत्ता” फ़िशटे की आलोचना करता है।
मुख्य विचार
- निर्णय और सत्ता
- काव्यात्मक निवास
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 3
प्लेटो
जिनसे प्रभावित
In Hyperion (1797–99) Hölderlin named the beloved after Diotima in Plato’s Symposium and, in a Platonic vein, made beauty the visible sign of the unity of all being. F. Hölderlin, Hyperion oder der Eremit in Griechenland (1797–99); Plato, Symposium
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प्लेटो › 428–348 ईसा पूर्व
बारुख़ स्पिनोज़ा
जिनसे प्रभावित
In Tübingen Hölderlin made excerpts from Jacobi’s Letters on Spinoza (c. 1790–91), and ‘hen kai pan’, one and all, became a watchword he shared with Hegel. F. Hölderlin, excerpts from F. H. Jacobi, Über die Lehre des Spinoza in Briefen (c. 1790–91); D. Henrich, Der Grund im Bewußtsein (1992)
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बारुख़ स्पिनोज़ा › 1632–1677
इमानुएल कांट
जिनसे प्रभावित
Hölderlin studied Kant from his Tübingen years and, writing to his brother (1799), called him ‘the Moses of our nation’, leading it out of Egyptian slackness. F. Hölderlin, letter to his brother Karl Gok, 1 Jan. 1799
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इमानुएल कांट › 1724–1804
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 4
गेऑर्ग विल्हेल्म फ़्रीडरिश हेगल
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
In Frankfurt (1797–1800) Hegel took up Hölderlin’s philosophy of unification, which shaped his early concepts of love and life, as D. Henrich has argued. D. Henrich, “Hegel und Hölderlin” (1970), in Hegel im Kontext (1971); G. W. F. Hegel, Der Geist des Christentums und sein Schicksal (1798–1800)
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गेऑर्ग विल्हेल्म फ़्रीडरिश हेगल › 1770–1831
फ्रेडरिख शेलिंग
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
Hölderlin’s share in Schelling’s turn is debated; D. Henrich reads ‘Urtheil und Seyn’ (1795), which puts Being before subject and object, as a step towards Schelling’s identity philosophy. F. Hölderlin, “Urtheil und Seyn” (1795); D. Henrich, Der Grund im Bewußtsein (1992)
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
फ्रेडरिख शेलिंग › 1775–1854
फ़्रीडरिश नीत्शे
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
As a pupil at Schulpforta Nietzsche wrote an essay recommending Hölderlin to a friend as his favourite poet (1861), at a time when Hölderlin was little read. F. Nietzsche, “Brief an meinen Freund, in dem ich ihm meinen Lieblingsdichter zum Lesen empfehle” (1861)
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
फ़्रीडरिश नीत्शे › 1844–1900
मार्टिन हाइडेगर
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Beginning with lectures on ‘Germanien’ and ‘Der Rhein’ (1934–35), Heidegger read Hölderlin as the poet of poetry’s essence and of the gods’ absence (Erläuterungen zu Hölderlins Dichtung, 1944). M. Heidegger, Hölderlins Hymnen “Germanien” und “Der Rhein” (lectures 1934–35; publ. 1980); “Hölderlin und das Wesen der Dichtung” (1936); Erläuterungen zu Hölderlins Dichtung (1944)
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मार्टिन हाइडेगर › 1889–1976
आलोचना
जिनकी आलोचना की 1
योहान गॉटलीब फ़िशटे जिनसे प्रभावित
जिनसे प्रभावित
Hölderlin heard Fichte’s lectures in Jena in the winter of 1794–95 and studied the Wissenschaftslehre closely; his own philosophical sketches start from its problem of the absolute I. J. G. Fichte, Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre (1794); F. Hölderlin, letters from Jena (1794–95); D. Henrich, Der Grund im Bewußtsein (1992)
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जिनकी आलोचना की
Hölderlin objected that Fichte’s absolute I, lacking any object, could have no consciousness, and placed Being before the division of subject and object (‘Urtheil und Seyn’, 1795). F. Hölderlin, “Urtheil und Seyn” (1795); letter to Hegel, 26 Jan. 1795; D. Henrich, Der Grund im Bewußtsein (1992)
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योहान गॉटलीब फ़िशटे › 1762–1814
कृतियाँ
- लगभग 1795निर्णय और सत्ता
सत्ता विषयी और वस्तु के हर विभाजन से पहले है – फ़िशटे के अहं के विरुद्ध।
मत
Though best known as a poet, Hölderlin made a decisive philosophical move in his short fragment “Judgment and Being”. Against Fichte he argued that the self-conscious “I” cannot be the first principle, since self-consciousness already splits subject and object. Before every such division lies “Being” as an original unity, which we can never grasp in a judgment but only intimate – above all in poetry and beauty. This idea fed into Schelling’s and Hegel’s turn beyond Fichte. His late hymns, with their meditation on the absence of the gods and on “dwelling poetically”, later became central for Heidegger.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Hölderlin studied theology at the Tübingen seminary, sharing a room and ideas with Hegel and Schelling, and heard Fichte in Jena. He earned his living as a private tutor; in Frankfurt his love for Susette Gontard became the “Diotima” of his work. From 1806 he lived, mentally ill, for 36 years in a tower room in Tübingen in the care of a carpenter’s family.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Judgment and Being (1795)
- Hyperion, or the Hermit in Greece (1797–1799)
- The Death of Empedocles, fragments (1797–1800)
- Late hymns, e.g. “Patmos” (1803)
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