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मैरी एस्टेल

1666–1731

पहली झलकजानबूझकर सरलीकृत – परिचय में और विस्तार है

यदि सब पुरुष स्वतंत्र पैदा होते हैं, तो सब स्त्रियाँ दास क्यों पैदा होती हैं? स्त्रियाँ शिक्षा की अधिकारी हैं और विवाह से पहले उन्हें दो बार सोचना चाहिए।

पृष्ठभूमि

अनुभववाद, प्रबोधन और उदारवाद · उत्तरी यूरोप · समाज और इतिहास, धर्म, राजनीति और विधि, लिंग और नारीवाद

अंग्रेज़ लेखिका जिन्होंने स्त्रियों के लिए शिक्षा की माँग की और पूछा: “यदि सभी पुरुष स्वतंत्र पैदा होते हैं, तो सभी स्त्रियाँ दासी कैसे पैदा होती हैं?”

मुख्य विचार

  • स्त्रियों के लिए शिक्षा
  • अत्याचार के रूप में विवाह की आलोचना
  • देकार्तीय बुद्धिवाद

तारा-मानचित्र में खोलें

प्रभाव

जिनसे प्रभावित 2

  • रने देकार्त

    जिनसे प्रभावित

    In A Serious Proposal to the Ladies, Part II (1697), Astell adapted Descartes’ rules of method to show that women can reason as well as men. M. Astell, A Serious Proposal to the Ladies, Part II (1697); SEP “Mary Astell”

    साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा

    रने देकार्त › 1596–1650

  • निकोला मालब्रांश

    जिनसे प्रभावित

    In Letters concerning the Love of God (1695), exchanged with John Norris, Astell took up Malebranche’s view that God, as sole cause of our pleasures, alone deserves love. M. Astell and J. Norris, Letters concerning the Love of God (1695); SEP “Mary Astell”

    साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा

    निकोला मालब्रांश › 1638–1715

आलोचना

परस्पर आलोचना 1

  • डैमरिस मैशम ⇄ परस्पर

    जिनकी आलोचना की

    In The Christian Religion (1705) Astell defended the love of God as sole good against the anonymous Discourse (1696), which she ascribed to Locke; Masham wrote it. M. Astell, The Christian Religion (1705); D. Masham, A Discourse concerning the Love of God (1696); SEP “Mary Astell”

    साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा

    जिनके द्वारा आलोचित

    Masham’s Discourse concerning the Love of God (1696) answered Astell and Norris’s Letters (1695): loving God alone would undermine the love of fellow creatures that society needs. D. Masham, A Discourse concerning the Love of God (1696); M. Astell & J. Norris, Letters concerning the Love of God (1695); SEP “Damaris Cudworth Masham”

    साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा

    डैमरिस मैशम › 1659–1708

जिनकी आलोचना की 1

  • जॉन लॉक

    जिनकी आलोचना की

    Astell attacked Locke’s suggestion that matter might think (The Christian Religion, 1705) and asked why, if all men are born free, women are born slaves (1706). M. Astell, The Christian Religion, as Profess’d by a Daughter of the Church of England (1705); Some Reflections upon Marriage, 3rd ed. (1706), Preface; SEP “Mary Astell”

    साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा

    जॉन लॉक › 1632–1704

कृतियाँ

मत

Astell drew on Descartes and Malebranche to argue that reason belongs to women as fully as to men, and that their apparent inferiority is the product of a neglected education. In A Serious Proposal to the Ladies she suggested a kind of college or retreat where women could devote themselves to learning and piety. Her Reflections upon Marriage asked why absolute power should be condemned in the state but defended in the household, and why, if all men are born free, all women are born slaves. A sharp critic of Locke, she is often called the first English feminist.

जीवन और संदर्भ

Mary Astell was born in 1666 in Newcastle upon Tyne into a family of coal merchants and was taught by her uncle, a clergyman. Around 1688 she moved to London and settled in Chelsea, where she lived from her writing and the support of a circle of learned women. A devout Anglican and a Tory, she helped found a charity school for girls. She died in 1731.

अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ

  • A Serious Proposal to the Ladies (1694)
  • A Serious Proposal to the Ladies, Part II (1697)
  • Some Reflections upon Marriage (1700)
  • The Christian Religion, as Professed by a Daughter of the Church of England (1705)

इनमें आता है

स्रोत: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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