أنتيسثينيس
الفضيلة وحدها تكفي للسعادة؛ والثروة واللذة والسمعة لا قيمة لها، والعمل الشاق خير في ذاته.
التموضع
تلميذ غورغياس ثم سقراط؛ عُدّ لاحقًا مؤسس الكلبية: الفضيلة تكفي للسعادة.
الأفكار الرئيسة
- اكتفاء الفضيلة بذاتها
- الكدّ (بونوس) خيرًا
- نقد المُثُل
التأثير
تأثّر بـ 2
غورغياس تتلمذ على
تتلمذ على تقليد لاحق
Known only from later tradition (Diogenes Laertius 6.1), which ties it to the rhetorical style of his dialogues; the report may be an inference from that style. Diogenes Laertius 6.1
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
غورغياس › نحو 483–376 ق.م
سقراط تتلمذ على
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Attested by contemporaries: Xenophon shows Antisthenes as a constant companion of Socrates (Memorabilia 3.11.17; Symposium), and Plato names him among those present at his death (Phaedo 59b). Xenophon, Memorabilia 3.11.17; Symposium 4.34–44, 8.4–6; Plato, Phaedo 59b
سقراط › 470–399 ق.م
أثّر في 1
ديوجانس الكلبي
أثّر في ✓
According to Diogenes Laertius, Diogenes attached himself to Antisthenes in Athens and took up his ethics of self-sufficiency and toil; modern scholars doubt that they met. Diogenes Laertius VI.21; D. R. Dudley, A History of Cynicism (1937); IEP “Diogenes of Sinope”
ديوجانس الكلبي › نحو 412–323 ق.م
النقد
ينتقد 1
أفلاطون
انتقد
Antisthenes rejected Plato’s Forms – he saw a horse but not ‘horseness’ – and mocked Plato in a dialogue called Sathon. Simplicius, In Categorias 208.28–32; Diogenes Laertius 3.35
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
أفلاطون › 428–348 ق.م
الموقف
Antisthenes took from Socrates the conviction that virtue alone suffices for happiness, needing nothing but the strength of a Socrates. Virtue can be taught and, once acquired, cannot be lost; pleasure, wealth and reputation count for little, while toil (ponos) trains the soul – Heracles was his model. He held that education begins with the examination of names, and he attacked Plato’s theory of Forms: in a well-known anecdote, he could see a horse but not “horseness”. Later tradition made him the founder of Cynicism and teacher of Diogenes, which modern scholars doubt. Through the Cynics his ideal of self-sufficiency reached the Stoics.
الحياة والسياق
Antisthenes was born in Athens around 445 BCE; his mother is said to have been Thracian. He first studied rhetoric with Gorgias, then became one of the most devoted followers of Socrates and, according to Plato, was present at his death. Afterwards he taught at the Cynosarges gymnasium. Ancient lists record a great many writings, but only two short speeches survive.
الأعمال الرئيسة
- Ajax and Odysseus (two short speeches, early 4th century BCE)
- Sathon (lost polemic against Plato, early 4th century BCE)
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