Antystenes
Cnota wystarcza do szczęścia; bogactwo, przyjemność i reputacja są bezwartościowe, a ciężka praca sama jest dobrem.
Umiejscowienie
Uczeń Gorgiasza, potem Sokratesa; później uważany za założyciela cynizmu: cnota wystarcza do szczęścia.
Kluczowe idee
- Samowystarczalność cnoty
- Trud (ponos) jako dobro
- Krytyka Idei
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 2
Gorgiasz nauczyciel(ka)
nauczyciel(ka) późniejsza tradycja
Known only from later tradition (Diogenes Laertius 6.1), which ties it to the rhetorical style of his dialogues; the report may be an inference from that style. Diogenes Laertius 6.1
Źródło: szkic AI
Gorgiasz › ok. 483–376 p.n.e.
Sokrates nauczyciel(ka)
nauczyciel(ka) ✓
Attested by contemporaries: Xenophon shows Antisthenes as a constant companion of Socrates (Memorabilia 3.11.17; Symposium), and Plato names him among those present at his death (Phaedo 59b). Xenophon, Memorabilia 3.11.17; Symposium 4.34–44, 8.4–6; Plato, Phaedo 59b
Sokrates › 470–399 p.n.e.
Wpływ na 1
Diogenes z Synopy
wpływ na ✓
According to Diogenes Laertius, Diogenes attached himself to Antisthenes in Athens and took up his ethics of self-sufficiency and toil; modern scholars doubt that they met. Diogenes Laertius VI.21; D. R. Dudley, A History of Cynicism (1937); IEP “Diogenes of Sinope”
Diogenes z Synopy › ok. 412–323 p.n.e.
Krytyka
Krytykuje 1
Platon
krytykuje
Antisthenes rejected Plato’s Forms – he saw a horse but not ‘horseness’ – and mocked Plato in a dialogue called Sathon. Simplicius, In Categorias 208.28–32; Diogenes Laertius 3.35
Źródło: szkic AI
Platon › 428–348 p.n.e.
Stanowisko
Antisthenes took from Socrates the conviction that virtue alone suffices for happiness, needing nothing but the strength of a Socrates. Virtue can be taught and, once acquired, cannot be lost; pleasure, wealth and reputation count for little, while toil (ponos) trains the soul – Heracles was his model. He held that education begins with the examination of names, and he attacked Plato’s theory of Forms: in a well-known anecdote, he could see a horse but not “horseness”. Later tradition made him the founder of Cynicism and teacher of Diogenes, which modern scholars doubt. Through the Cynics his ideal of self-sufficiency reached the Stoics.
Życie i kontekst
Antisthenes was born in Athens around 445 BCE; his mother is said to have been Thracian. He first studied rhetoric with Gorgias, then became one of the most devoted followers of Socrates and, according to Plato, was present at his death. Afterwards he taught at the Cynosarges gymnasium. Ancient lists record a great many writings, but only two short speeches survive.
Główne dzieła
- Ajax and Odysseus (two short speeches, early 4th century BCE)
- Sathon (lost polemic against Plato, early 4th century BCE)
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