أنسلم من كانتربري
الإيمان يطلب الفهم – والله، بوصفه أعظم موجود يمكن تصوره، لا بد أن يوجد، لأن الوجود أعظم من مجرد التخيل.
التموضع
يُلقَّب غالبًا بأبي السكولائية؛ صاحب البرهان الوجودي: الله هو ما لا يمكن تصوّر ما هو أعظم منه.
الأفكار الرئيسة
- البرهان الوجودي
- أؤمن لكي أفهم (Credo ut intelligam)
التأثير
تأثّر بـ 2
أوغسطينوس
تأثّر بـ
In the Monologion’s preface Anselm said that nothing in it disagrees with the Fathers, especially Augustine’s De Trinitate, whose image of the Trinity in the mind he used. Anselm, Monologion (1076), prologue; SEP “Saint Anselm”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
أوغسطينوس › 354–430
بوثيوس
تأثّر بـ
Anselm’s dialectic, as in De grammatico, works with the Aristotelian logic of the Categories and On Interpretation, known to him through Boethius’ translations and commentaries. Anselm, De grammatico; J. Marenbon, Early Medieval Philosophy (1983); SEP “Saint Anselm”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
بوثيوس › نحو 477–524
أثّر في 2
بونافنتورا
أثّر في
Bonaventure accepted Anselm’s argument from ‘that than which nothing greater can be thought’, holding God’s existence indubitable to a rightly disposed mind. Bonaventure, Quaestiones disputatae de mysterio Trinitatis q. 1 a. 1; SEP “Saint Bonaventure”; SEP “Ontological Arguments”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
بونافنتورا › نحو 1221–1274
دانز سكوطس
أثّر في
Scotus took over Anselm’s two affections of the will, for advantage and for justice, and ‘coloured’ his argument for God’s existence (Ordinatio I d. 2). Anselm, De casu diaboli; Duns Scotus, Ordinatio I d. 2 p. 1 qq. 1–2; II d. 6 q. 2; SEP “John Duns Scotus”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
دانز سكوطس › نحو 1266–1308
النقد
انتقده 1
توما الأكويني أثّر في
أثّر في ✓
Aquinas took over Anselm’s account of Christ’s death as satisfaction in modified form (Summa theologiae III q. 48), while rejecting his proof from the concept of God. Anselm, Cur Deus homo (1098); Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae III q. 48 a. 2; I q. 2 a. 1; SEP “Thomas Aquinas”
التوثيق: مسجّل أيضًا في Wikidata · Wikidata
انتقده
Aquinas denied that God’s existence is self-evident to us: from the meaning of ‘God’ it follows only that God exists in the mind, not in reality. Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae I q. 2 a. 1 ad 2; Summa contra gentiles I.10–11
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
توما الأكويني › نحو 1225–1274
الأعمال
- نحو 1078بروسلوغيون (Proslogion)
البرهان الوجودي على وجود الله.
الموقف
Anselm’s motto was “faith seeking understanding” (fides quaerens intellectum): believers should use reason to grasp what they already believe. In the Proslogion he presented the famous ontological argument: God is “that than which nothing greater can be conceived”. If such a being existed only in the mind, one could conceive of a greater one existing in reality – a contradiction; so God must exist. The monk Gaunilo objected at once with his perfect island. Descartes and Leibniz restated the argument, while Kant’s critique became the classic objection. In Why God Became Man he explained the incarnation through his theory of satisfaction.
الحياة والسياق
Anselm was born in Aosta in northern Italy and entered the Benedictine abbey of Bec in Normandy, drawn there by the teacher Lanfranc; he later became its abbot. In 1093 he was made Archbishop of Canterbury, where disputes with the English kings over the rights of the Church twice drove him into exile. He was later canonised and named a Doctor of the Church.
أعمال رئيسة أخرى
- Monologion (1076)
- Why God Became Man (Cur Deus Homo, 1098)
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