कैंटरबरी के एन्सेल्म
आस्था समझ की खोज करती है – और ईश्वर, सर्वोच्च कल्पनीय सत्ता के रूप में, अस्तित्व रखता ही होगा, क्योंकि अस्तित्व में होना केवल कल्पित होने से बड़ा है।
पृष्ठभूमि
प्रायः विद्वतवाद (स्कॉलैस्टिसिज़्म) का पिता कहा जाता है; सत्तामूलक तर्क: ईश्वर वह है जिससे बड़ा कुछ सोचा नहीं जा सकता।
मुख्य विचार
- सत्तामूलक तर्क
- क्रेदो उत इंटेलिगाम
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 2
ऑगस्टीन
जिनसे प्रभावित
In the Monologion’s preface Anselm said that nothing in it disagrees with the Fathers, especially Augustine’s De Trinitate, whose image of the Trinity in the mind he used. Anselm, Monologion (1076), prologue; SEP “Saint Anselm”
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ऑगस्टीन › 354–430
बोएथिउस
जिनसे प्रभावित
Anselm’s dialectic, as in De grammatico, works with the Aristotelian logic of the Categories and On Interpretation, known to him through Boethius’ translations and commentaries. Anselm, De grammatico; J. Marenbon, Early Medieval Philosophy (1983); SEP “Saint Anselm”
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बोएथिउस › लगभग 477–524
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 2
बोनावेंतुरे
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Bonaventure accepted Anselm’s argument from ‘that than which nothing greater can be thought’, holding God’s existence indubitable to a rightly disposed mind. Bonaventure, Quaestiones disputatae de mysterio Trinitatis q. 1 a. 1; SEP “Saint Bonaventure”; SEP “Ontological Arguments”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
बोनावेंतुरे › लगभग 1221–1274
दुन्स स्कोतुस
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Scotus took over Anselm’s two affections of the will, for advantage and for justice, and ‘coloured’ his argument for God’s existence (Ordinatio I d. 2). Anselm, De casu diaboli; Duns Scotus, Ordinatio I d. 2 p. 1 qq. 1–2; II d. 6 q. 2; SEP “John Duns Scotus”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
दुन्स स्कोतुस › लगभग 1266–1308
आलोचना
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित 1
थामस एक्विनास जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
Aquinas took over Anselm’s account of Christ’s death as satisfaction in modified form (Summa theologiae III q. 48), while rejecting his proof from the concept of God. Anselm, Cur Deus homo (1098); Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae III q. 48 a. 2; I q. 2 a. 1; SEP “Thomas Aquinas”
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Aquinas denied that God’s existence is self-evident to us: from the meaning of ‘God’ it follows only that God exists in the mind, not in reality. Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae I q. 2 a. 1 ad 2; Summa contra gentiles I.10–11
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
थामस एक्विनास › लगभग 1225–1274
कृतियाँ
- लगभग 1078प्रोस्लोगियन
ईश्वर के अस्तित्व के लिए सत्तामूलक तर्क।
मत
Anselm’s motto was “faith seeking understanding” (fides quaerens intellectum): believers should use reason to grasp what they already believe. In the Proslogion he presented the famous ontological argument: God is “that than which nothing greater can be conceived”. If such a being existed only in the mind, one could conceive of a greater one existing in reality – a contradiction; so God must exist. The monk Gaunilo objected at once with his perfect island. Descartes and Leibniz restated the argument, while Kant’s critique became the classic objection. In Why God Became Man he explained the incarnation through his theory of satisfaction.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Anselm was born in Aosta in northern Italy and entered the Benedictine abbey of Bec in Normandy, drawn there by the teacher Lanfranc; he later became its abbot. In 1093 he was made Archbishop of Canterbury, where disputes with the English kings over the rights of the Church twice drove him into exile. He was later canonised and named a Doctor of the Church.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Monologion (1076)
- Proslogion (1077–1078)
- Why God Became Man (Cur Deus Homo, 1098)
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