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庄子

约公元前369—前286年年

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

每一种观点都与其他观点一样有局限，所以不要再坚持固定的区分，而要随着事物的自然流转自由地行动。

定位

东亚哲学 · 东亚 · 形而上学, 认识论, 存在与自我

庄周梦蝶与一切视角的相对性：在与道的自发和谐中获得自由。

核心思想

  • 庄周梦蝶
  • 视角主义
  • 自然自发

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影响

受影响于 1

  • 老子

    受其影响 存在争议 ✓

    Whether the Laozi predates the Zhuangzi is disputed; the Zhuangzi tells stories of Lao Dan, including his funeral in the Inner Chapters, and praises him in ‘Tianxia’. Zhuangzi, “Yangsheng zhu”, “Tianxia”; SEP “Zhuangzi”; SEP “Laozi”

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    老子 › 传说人物

影响了 3

  • 郭象

    影响了

    Guo Xiang’s commentary read the Zhuangzi as teaching that each thing arises of itself, and his 33-chapter edition is the received text; he reportedly drew on Xiang Xiu. Guo Xiang, Zhuangzi zhu; Liu Yiqing, Shishuo xinyu; B. Ziporyn, The Penumbra Unbound (2003); SEP “Neo-Daoism”

    依据: AI 草稿

    郭象 › 约252–312年

  • 马丁·布伯

    影响了

    Buber published a German selection of Zhuangzi’s speeches and parables (1910) with an afterword on “the teaching of the Tao” – from the years of his early mysticism, before I and Thou (1923). M. Buber, Reden und Gleichnisse des Tschuang-Tse (Leipzig 1910), afterword “Die Lehre vom Tao”

    依据: AI 草稿

    马丁·布伯 › 1878–1965

  • 马丁·海德格尔

    影响了

    At a gathering in Bremen in October 1930, after his lecture “On the Essence of Truth”, Heidegger read aloud Zhuangzi’s story of the joy of the fishes from Buber’s translation; the “Evening Conversation” of 8 May 1945 in his Country Path Conversations turns on Zhuangzi’s dialogue with Huizi on the use of the useless. H. W. Petzet, Auf einen Stern zugehen (1983); Heidegger, Feldweg-Gespräche (1944/45, GA 77); G. Parkes (ed.), Heidegger and Asian Thought (1987)

    依据: AI 草稿

    马丁·海德格尔 › 1889–1976

批评

批评了 3

  • 孔子

    批评了

    The Zhuangzi mocks Confucian ‘benevolence and righteousness’ as fetters on spontaneous nature, often by having Confucius himself voice Daoist insights (chs. 4, 6, 14). Zhuangzi, chs. 4, 6, 14; SEP “Zhuangzi”

    依据: AI 草稿

    孔子 › 相传 公元前551—前479年

  • 墨子

    批评了

    The Zhuangzi treats the Confucian–Mohist quarrels over ‘right and wrong’ as bound to perspective (ch. 2) and judges Mozi’s austerity too harsh for human nature (ch. 33). Zhuangzi, ch. 2 ‘Qiwulun’, ch. 33 ‘Tianxia’; SEP “Zhuangzi”

    依据: AI 草稿

    墨子 › 约公元前470—前391年年

  • 惠施

    批评了

    The Zhuangzi shows Zhuangzi needling his friend Hui Shi’s logic-chopping (the joy of fish, ch. 17); its last chapter regrets that Hui Shi wasted his gifts. Zhuangzi, ch. 17 ‘Qiushui’, ch. 33 ‘Tianxia’; SEP “Zhuangzi”

    依据: AI 草稿

    惠施 › 约公元前370—前310年年

作品

  • 约公元前290年年庄子

    从庄周梦蝶到庖丁解牛的寓言：在道中获得自由。

立场

Zhuangzi is, with Laozi, the founding figure of Daoism, but his style is playful, paradoxical and full of stories. He questioned the certainty of every viewpoint: in the famous butterfly dream he wonders whether he is Zhuangzi who dreamed he was a butterfly, or a butterfly dreaming that it is Zhuangzi. Distinctions such as right and wrong, useful and useless depend on perspective. Instead of fixed doctrines he recommends spontaneous harmony with the Dao, like Cook Ding, who carves an ox effortlessly by following its natural joints. Even death is part of nature’s transformations and need not be feared.

生平与背景

Zhuangzi (Zhuang Zhou) lived in the fourth century BCE in the state of Song and, according to the historian Sima Qian, held a minor post at a lacquer garden. He is said to have turned down an offer to become a chief minister, preferring freedom to office. The book named after him combines his own “inner chapters” with later material.

其他主要作品

  • Zhuangzi (c. 4th–3rd century BCE)

出现在

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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