惠施
他的悖论主张大与小、此与彼都是相对的——所以我们应当同样地爱万物，因为宇宙是一体的。
定位
名家的思想家，庄子的朋友与论辩对手：他的“历物十事”只通过《庄子》得知，使一切大小与位置的区分都变得相对。
核心思想
- 历物十事（十个悖论）
- 区分的相对性
- 辩
批评
受批评于 2
庄子
受其批评
The Zhuangzi shows Zhuangzi needling his friend Hui Shi’s logic-chopping (the joy of fish, ch. 17); its last chapter regrets that Hui Shi wasted his gifts. Zhuangzi, ch. 17 ‘Qiushui’, ch. 33 ‘Tianxia’; SEP “Zhuangzi”
依据: AI 草稿
庄子 › 约公元前369—前286年年
荀子
受其批评
Xunzi charged that Hui Shi was carried away by words and failed to grasp reality, and counted him among the masters who misled the world (Xunzi 6, 21). Xunzi, ch. 6 ‘Fei shier zi’, ch. 21 ‘Jiebi’; SEP “School of Names”
依据: AI 草稿
荀子 › 约公元前310—前235年年
立场
Hui Shi is the best-known figure of the so-called School of Names (mingjia). His ten paradoxes survive only as bare theses in the last chapter of the Zhuangzi, so their arguments must be reconstructed. One holds that the sun is already setting at its height, and that a thing is already dying as it is born. They suggest that distinctions of large and small, near and far, now and then depend on a standpoint; the last concludes that we should love all things, for heaven and earth are one body. Zhuangzi shared this relativism but mocked Hui Shi’s love of argument, as in their debate on knowing the happiness of fish.
生平与背景
Hui Shi lived in the 4th century BCE; his dates (c. 370–310 BCE) are only approximate. He probably came from the state of Song and served for many years as chief minister to King Hui of Wei, taking part in the diplomacy between the warring states. According to the Zhuangzi his writings filled five carts, but none survive; nearly all we know of him comes from the Zhuangzi.
主要作品
- The Ten Paradoxes (preserved in the Zhuangzi, chapter 33 “Under Heaven”, 4th century BCE)
- Dialogues with Zhuangzi (recorded in the Zhuangzi, 4th–3rd century BCE)
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