ज़ुआंगज़ी
हर दृष्टिकोण दूसरे जितना ही सीमित है, इसलिए स्थिर भेदों पर अड़ना छोड़ें और वस्तुओं के स्वाभाविक प्रवाह के साथ स्वतंत्र रूप से चलें।
पृष्ठभूमि
तितली का स्वप्न और सभी दृष्टिकोणों की सापेक्षता: ताओ के साथ सहज सामंजस्य में स्वतंत्रता।
मुख्य विचार
- तितली का स्वप्न
- दृष्टिकोणवाद
- सहजता
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 1
लाओ-त्सू
जिनसे प्रभावित विवादित ✓
Whether the Laozi predates the Zhuangzi is disputed; the Zhuangzi tells stories of Lao Dan, including his funeral in the Inner Chapters, and praises him in ‘Tianxia’. Zhuangzi, “Yangsheng zhu”, “Tianxia”; SEP “Zhuangzi”; SEP “Laozi”
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
लाओ-त्सू › किंवदंतियों से जुड़ा व्यक्तित्व
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 3
गुओ श्यांग
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Guo Xiang’s commentary read the Zhuangzi as teaching that each thing arises of itself, and his 33-chapter edition is the received text; he reportedly drew on Xiang Xiu. Guo Xiang, Zhuangzi zhu; Liu Yiqing, Shishuo xinyu; B. Ziporyn, The Penumbra Unbound (2003); SEP “Neo-Daoism”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
गुओ श्यांग › लगभग 252–312
मार्टिन बुबेर
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Buber published a German selection of Zhuangzi’s speeches and parables (1910) with an afterword on “the teaching of the Tao” – from the years of his early mysticism, before I and Thou (1923). M. Buber, Reden und Gleichnisse des Tschuang-Tse (Leipzig 1910), afterword “Die Lehre vom Tao”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मार्टिन बुबेर › 1878–1965
मार्टिन हाइडेगर
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
At a gathering in Bremen in October 1930, after his lecture “On the Essence of Truth”, Heidegger read aloud Zhuangzi’s story of the joy of the fishes from Buber’s translation; the “Evening Conversation” of 8 May 1945 in his Country Path Conversations turns on Zhuangzi’s dialogue with Huizi on the use of the useless. H. W. Petzet, Auf einen Stern zugehen (1983); Heidegger, Feldweg-Gespräche (1944/45, GA 77); G. Parkes (ed.), Heidegger and Asian Thought (1987)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मार्टिन हाइडेगर › 1889–1976
आलोचना
जिनकी आलोचना की 3
कन्फ्यूशियस
जिनकी आलोचना की
The Zhuangzi mocks Confucian ‘benevolence and righteousness’ as fetters on spontaneous nature, often by having Confucius himself voice Daoist insights (chs. 4, 6, 14). Zhuangzi, chs. 4, 6, 14; SEP “Zhuangzi”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
कन्फ्यूशियस › परंपरागत रूप से 551–479 ईसा पूर्व
मोज़ी
जिनकी आलोचना की
The Zhuangzi treats the Confucian–Mohist quarrels over ‘right and wrong’ as bound to perspective (ch. 2) and judges Mozi’s austerity too harsh for human nature (ch. 33). Zhuangzi, ch. 2 ‘Qiwulun’, ch. 33 ‘Tianxia’; SEP “Zhuangzi”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
मोज़ी › लगभग 470–391 ईसा पूर्व
हुइ शी
जिनकी आलोचना की
The Zhuangzi shows Zhuangzi needling his friend Hui Shi’s logic-chopping (the joy of fish, ch. 17); its last chapter regrets that Hui Shi wasted his gifts. Zhuangzi, ch. 17 ‘Qiushui’, ch. 33 ‘Tianxia’; SEP “Zhuangzi”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
हुइ शी › लगभग 370–310 ईसा पूर्व
कृतियाँ
- लगभग 290 ईसा पूर्वज़ुआंगज़ी (पुस्तक)
तितली के स्वप्न से रसोइया डिंग तक की दृष्टांत-कथाएँ: ताओ में स्वतंत्रता।
मत
Zhuangzi is, with Laozi, the founding figure of Daoism, but his style is playful, paradoxical and full of stories. He questioned the certainty of every viewpoint: in the famous butterfly dream he wonders whether he is Zhuangzi who dreamed he was a butterfly, or a butterfly dreaming that it is Zhuangzi. Distinctions such as right and wrong, useful and useless depend on perspective. Instead of fixed doctrines he recommends spontaneous harmony with the Dao, like Cook Ding, who carves an ox effortlessly by following its natural joints. Even death is part of nature’s transformations and need not be feared.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Zhuangzi (Zhuang Zhou) lived in the fourth century BCE in the state of Song and, according to the historian Sima Qian, held a minor post at a lacquer garden. He is said to have turned down an offer to become a chief minister, preferring freedom to office. The book named after him combines his own “inner chapters” with later material.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Zhuangzi (c. 4th–3rd century BCE)
इनमें आता है
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