世亲
我们以为是外部世界的东西，其实是出现在心中的经验，由过去行为的痕迹所塑造。
定位
瑜伽行派的共同创立者：唯识——世界显现于心之中。
核心思想
- 唯识（vijnapti-matra）
- 藏识（阿赖耶识）
老师: 无著
影响
受影响于 3
乔达摩·悉达多（佛陀）
受其影响
Vasubandhu’s Treasury of Abhidharma systematised the Buddha’s teaching on the elements of existence, karma and no-self, defending no-self against the Pudgalavadins. Vasubandhu, Abhidharmakosabhasya, tr. L. de La Vallée Poussin (1923–31); SEP “Vasubandhu”
依据: AI 草稿
乔达摩·悉达多（佛陀） › 约公元前480—前400年年 · 通行断代 公元前563—前483年
龙树
受其影响
Vasubandhu’s Yogacara reinterprets the Mahayana emptiness taught by Nagarjuna through the doctrine of three natures; whether Vasubandhu drew on Nagarjuna’s own works is uncertain. Vasubandhu, Trisvabhavanirdesa; SEP “Vasubandhu”
依据: AI 草稿
龙树 › 约150–250年
无著 师从
师从 后世传述
Known only from later hagiography – Paramartha’s Life of Vasubandhu (6th c.) and Xuanzang (7th c.) make Asanga his elder brother who won him over to the Mahayana; dates and identity are debated (Frauwallner’s ‘two Vasubandhus’, 1951). Paramārtha, Life of Vasubandhu (T 2049); Xuanzang, Da Tang Xiyu ji V; E. Frauwallner, On the Date of the Buddhist Master of the Law Vasubandhu, 1951; SEP “Vasubandhu”
依据: AI 草稿
无著 › 约310–390年
影响了 4
元晓
影响了
Wonhyo used the Yogacara of Vasubandhu’s line, above all its storehouse consciousness, to explain how the one mind of the Awakening of Faith both awakens and errs. Wonhyo, Daeseung gisillon so; S. Lee, “On the Ālayavijñāna in the Awakening of Faith: Comparing and Contrasting Wŏnhyo and Fazang’s Views”, Religions 10 (2019)
依据: AI 草稿
元晓 › 617–686
亲鸾
影响了
Shinran honoured Vasubandhu as second of the seven Pure Land masters and read the Treatise on the Pure Land ascribed to him as teaching single-hearted entrusting to Amida. Shinran, Kyōgyōshinshō, Shōshinge; Vasubandhu (attr.), Jingtu lun, with Tanluan’s commentary; D. Hirota et al. (tr.), The Collected Works of Shinran (1997)
依据: AI 草稿
亲鸾 › 1173–1263
梁漱溟
影响了
Liang Shuming took the consciousness-only epistemology of Vasubandhu’s Yogacara (Weishi shuyi, 1920) as the basis for comparing cultures in Eastern and Western Cultures and Their Philosophies (1921). Liang Shuming, Weishi shuyi (1920); Dong Xi wenhua ji qi zhexue (1921); G. Alitto, The Last Confucian (1979)
依据: AI 草稿
梁漱溟 › 1893–1988
批评
受批评于 4
月称
受其批评
Chandrakirti rejected the Yogacara of Vasubandhu’s school: consciousness without external objects, and reflexive self-awareness, are as empty as the objects (Madhyamakavatara VI.45–97). Candrakīrti, Madhyamakāvatāra VI.45–97; C. W. Huntington, The Emptiness of Emptiness, 1989
依据: AI 草稿
月称 › 约600–650年
法藏
受其批评
In his Treatise on the Five Teachings Fazang ranked Yogacara – Vasubandhu’s school as newly taught by Xuanzang’s Faxiang school – as only the “initial teaching” of the Mahayana, below Huayan, and reinterpreted its doctrine of the three natures. Fazang, Huayan wujiao zhang (T 1866); F. H. Cook, Hua-yen Buddhism (1977); I. Hamar (ed.), Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism (2007)
依据: AI 草稿
法藏 › 643–712
商羯罗
受其批评
Shankara rejected the idealism of Vasubandhu’s Yogacara school: external objects exist, since we perceive them as distinct from our awareness (Brahmasutrabhashya II.2.28–32). Śaṅkara, Brahmasūtrabhāṣya II.2.28–32
依据: AI 草稿
商羯罗 › 约700–750年 · 通行断代 788–820
熊十力
受其批评
Xiong Shili broke with the Yogacara of Vasubandhu and Xuanzang, rejecting its ‘seeds’ and storehouse consciousness as splitting substance from function (Xin weishi lun, 1932). Xiong Shili, Xin weishi lun (1932), tr. J. Makeham, New Treatise on the Uniqueness of Consciousness, 2015
依据: AI 草稿
熊十力 › 1885–1968
作品
- 约380年唯识二十论（Vimsatika）
论证世界不过是表象（唯识）。
立场
Vasubandhu is known for the Yogacara doctrine of “consciousness only” (vijnaptimatra). In his Twenty Verses he argues that external objects cannot be established: as in dreams, experiences can arise without corresponding outer things, and atoms cannot be coherently conceived. What we take for a world of independent objects is a structured flow of consciousness, shaped by karmic seeds stored in a “storehouse consciousness” (alayavijnana). The aim is to see through the split between subject and object. His Treasury of Abhidharma remained a standard textbook of Buddhist scholasticism in Tibet, China and Japan.
生平与背景
Vasubandhu was born in Purushapura (Peshawar) in Gandhara, probably in the fourth century CE. Trained in the Sarvastivada and Sautrantika schools, he wrote a monumental summary of Abhidharma, then – reportedly under the influence of his (half-)brother Asanga – turned to the Mahayana and became a principal figure of the Yogacara school.
其他主要作品
- Treasury of Abhidharma (Abhidharmakośa, c. 4th century CE)
- Thirty Verses (Triṃśikā, c. 4th century CE)
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