वसुबन्धु
जिसे हम बाहरी संसार मानते हैं वह मन के भीतर प्रकट होने वाला अनुभव है, जो पिछले कर्मों के संस्कारों से आकार पाता है।
पृष्ठभूमि
योगाचार का सह-संस्थापक: केवल-चेतना – संसार मन के भीतर प्रकट होता है।
मुख्य विचार
- विज्ञप्तिमात्रता
- आलयविज्ञान
गुरु: असंग
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 3
गौतम बुद्ध
जिनसे प्रभावित
Vasubandhu’s Treasury of Abhidharma systematised the Buddha’s teaching on the elements of existence, karma and no-self, defending no-self against the Pudgalavadins. Vasubandhu, Abhidharmakosabhasya, tr. L. de La Vallée Poussin (1923–31); SEP “Vasubandhu”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
गौतम बुद्ध › लगभग 480–400 ईसा पूर्व · प्रचलित तिथि 563–483 ईसा पूर्व
नागार्जुन
जिनसे प्रभावित
Vasubandhu’s Yogacara reinterprets the Mahayana emptiness taught by Nagarjuna through the doctrine of three natures; whether Vasubandhu drew on Nagarjuna’s own works is uncertain. Vasubandhu, Trisvabhavanirdesa; SEP “Vasubandhu”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
नागार्जुन › लगभग 150–250
असंग जिनसे पढ़ा
जिनसे पढ़ा बाद की परंपरा
Known only from later hagiography – Paramartha’s Life of Vasubandhu (6th c.) and Xuanzang (7th c.) make Asanga his elder brother who won him over to the Mahayana; dates and identity are debated (Frauwallner’s ‘two Vasubandhus’, 1951). Paramārtha, Life of Vasubandhu (T 2049); Xuanzang, Da Tang Xiyu ji V; E. Frauwallner, On the Date of the Buddhist Master of the Law Vasubandhu, 1951; SEP “Vasubandhu”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
असंग › लगभग 310–390
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 4
दिङ्नाग
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया ✓
Tradition makes Dignaga a pupil of Vasubandhu; his Investigation of the Object continues Vasubandhu’s argument in the Twenty Verses against external objects. D. Duckworth et al., Dignaga’s Investigation of the Percept (2016); SEP “Vasubandhu”
साक्ष्य: Wikidata में भी · Wikidata
दिङ्नाग › लगभग 480–540
वोनह्यो
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Wonhyo used the Yogacara of Vasubandhu’s line, above all its storehouse consciousness, to explain how the one mind of the Awakening of Faith both awakens and errs. Wonhyo, Daeseung gisillon so; S. Lee, “On the Ālayavijñāna in the Awakening of Faith: Comparing and Contrasting Wŏnhyo and Fazang’s Views”, Religions 10 (2019)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
वोनह्यो › 617–686
शिनरान
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Shinran honoured Vasubandhu as second of the seven Pure Land masters and read the Treatise on the Pure Land ascribed to him as teaching single-hearted entrusting to Amida. Shinran, Kyōgyōshinshō, Shōshinge; Vasubandhu (attr.), Jingtu lun, with Tanluan’s commentary; D. Hirota et al. (tr.), The Collected Works of Shinran (1997)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
शिनरान › 1173–1263
लियांग शुमिंग
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Liang Shuming took the consciousness-only epistemology of Vasubandhu’s Yogacara (Weishi shuyi, 1920) as the basis for comparing cultures in Eastern and Western Cultures and Their Philosophies (1921). Liang Shuming, Weishi shuyi (1920); Dong Xi wenhua ji qi zhexue (1921); G. Alitto, The Last Confucian (1979)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
लियांग शुमिंग › 1893–1988
आलोचना
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित 4
चंद्रकीर्ति
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Chandrakirti rejected the Yogacara of Vasubandhu’s school: consciousness without external objects, and reflexive self-awareness, are as empty as the objects (Madhyamakavatara VI.45–97). Candrakīrti, Madhyamakāvatāra VI.45–97; C. W. Huntington, The Emptiness of Emptiness, 1989
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
चंद्रकीर्ति › लगभग 600–650
फ़ात्सांग
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
In his Treatise on the Five Teachings Fazang ranked Yogacara – Vasubandhu’s school as newly taught by Xuanzang’s Faxiang school – as only the “initial teaching” of the Mahayana, below Huayan, and reinterpreted its doctrine of the three natures. Fazang, Huayan wujiao zhang (T 1866); F. H. Cook, Hua-yen Buddhism (1977); I. Hamar (ed.), Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism (2007)
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
फ़ात्सांग › 643–712
आदि शंकराचार्य
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Shankara rejected the idealism of Vasubandhu’s Yogacara school: external objects exist, since we perceive them as distinct from our awareness (Brahmasutrabhashya II.2.28–32). Śaṅkara, Brahmasūtrabhāṣya II.2.28–32
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
आदि शंकराचार्य › लगभग 700–750 · प्रचलित तिथि 788–820
श्योंग शिली
जिनके द्वारा आलोचित
Xiong Shili broke with the Yogacara of Vasubandhu and Xuanzang, rejecting its ‘seeds’ and storehouse consciousness as splitting substance from function (Xin weishi lun, 1932). Xiong Shili, Xin weishi lun (1932), tr. J. Makeham, New Treatise on the Uniqueness of Consciousness, 2015
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
श्योंग शिली › 1885–1968
कृतियाँ
- लगभग 380विंशतिका (बीस कारिकाएँ)
इस बात के तर्क कि संसार केवल प्रतिनिधित्व है।
मत
Vasubandhu is known for the Yogacara doctrine of “consciousness only” (vijnaptimatra). In his Twenty Verses he argues that external objects cannot be established: as in dreams, experiences can arise without corresponding outer things, and atoms cannot be coherently conceived. What we take for a world of independent objects is a structured flow of consciousness, shaped by karmic seeds stored in a “storehouse consciousness” (alayavijnana). The aim is to see through the split between subject and object. His Treasury of Abhidharma remained a standard textbook of Buddhist scholasticism in Tibet, China and Japan.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Vasubandhu was born in Purushapura (Peshawar) in Gandhara, probably in the fourth century CE. Trained in the Sarvastivada and Sautrantika schools, he wrote a monumental summary of Abhidharma, then – reportedly under the influence of his (half-)brother Asanga – turned to the Mahayana and became a principal figure of the Yogacara school.
अन्य प्रमुख कृतियाँ
- Treasury of Abhidharma (Abhidharmakośa, c. 4th century CE)
- Twenty Verses (Viṃśatikā, c. 4th century CE)
- Thirty Verses (Triṃśikā, c. 4th century CE)
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