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宗喀巴

1357–1419

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

正因为没有任何事物具有自己固定的自性，因果才能起作用——空性并不取消日常世界，而是使它成为可能。

定位

南亚与藏传哲学 · 形而上学, 认识论, 宗教

西藏哲学家，格鲁派的创立者：空并不取消世俗世界——恰恰因为事物没有自性，因果才得以运作。

核心思想

  • 应成派中观
  • 辨识否定的对象
  • 《菩提道次第广论》

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影响

受影响于 4

  • 龙树

    受其影响

    Tsongkhapa commented on Nagarjuna’s Root Verses in Ocean of Reasoning and insisted that emptiness negates intrinsic nature, not the conventional existence of things. Tsongkhapa, Ocean of Reasoning, tr. Geshe Ngawang Samten & J. L. Garfield (2006)

    依据: AI 草稿

    龙树 › 约150–250年

  • 月称

    受其影响

    Tsongkhapa based his Prasangika reading of emptiness on Chandrakirti and commented on his Introduction to the Middle Way in Illumination of the Thought. Tsongkhapa, dGongs pa rab gsal; T. Jinpa, Self, Reality and Reason in Tibetan Philosophy (2002)

    依据: AI 草稿

    月称 › 约600–650年

  • 法称

    受其影响

    Tsongkhapa integrated Dharmakirti’s epistemology into his Madhyamaka and wrote an introduction to Dharmakirti’s seven logical treatises (Gateway to the Seven Treatises). T. Jinpa, Self, Reality and Reason in Tibetan Philosophy (2002); G. B. J. Dreyfus, Recognizing Reality (1997)

    依据: AI 草稿

    法称 › 约600–660年

  • 阿底峡

    受其影响

    Tsongkhapa’s Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path (1402) expands Atisha’s Lamp for the Path to Awakening, following its scheme of three kinds of persons. Tsongkhapa, Lam rim chen mo (1402), tr. Lamrim Chenmo Translation Committee, The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path (2000–04); Atisha, Bodhipathapradipa

    依据: AI 草稿

    阿底峡 › 约982–1054年

作品

立场

Tsongkhapa sought to unite rigorous reasoning with meditative practice. Following Candrakirti’s Prasangika Madhyamaka, he insisted on identifying the object of negation exactly: emptiness denies that things exist by their own nature, not that they exist at all. Precisely because they lack intrinsic nature, things can arise dependently, so cause and effect, ethics and valid conventional knowledge remain intact. He therefore opposed both a nihilistic reading of emptiness and a meditation that merely halts thought, and he integrated Dharmakirti’s epistemology. His Great Treatise expands Atisha’s Lamp. Sakya critics such as Gorampa attacked his interpretation, but his Gelug school, that of the Dalai Lamas, became Tibet’s dominant tradition.

生平与背景

Tsongkhapa Lobsang Drakpa was born in 1357 in the Tsongkha region of Amdo in north-eastern Tibet. He became a novice as a child and at sixteen went to central Tibet, where he studied with masters of several schools, notably the Sakya scholar Rendawa. In 1409 he founded the Great Prayer Festival in Lhasa and the monastery of Ganden, where he died in 1419. His disciples built up the Gelug school.

其他主要作品

  • Essence of Eloquence (Legshe Nyingpo, c. 1407–08)
  • Ocean of Reasoning (commentary on Nagarjuna’s Mulamadhyamakakarika, c. 1407–08)
  • Illumination of the Thought (Gongpa Rabsel, 1418)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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