पाइरो
चूँकि हम किसी बात के बारे में निश्चित नहीं हो सकते, हमें निर्णय स्थगित करना चाहिए – और यही संयम मन की शांति लाता है।
पृष्ठभूमि
बाद के संशयवादियों ने अपने संप्रदाय का नाम उन्हीं पर रखा (पाइरोवाद): निर्णय का स्थगन आत्मा की शांति तक ले जाता है।
मुख्य विचार
- एपोखे (निर्णय-स्थगन)
- अटैरेक्सिया
प्रभाव
जिनसे प्रभावित 1
डेमोक्रिटस
जिनसे प्रभावित
Pyrrho studied with the Democritean Anaxarchus, and Philo of Athens said he cited Democritus most; Democritus’ distrust of the senses is a likely source of his scepticism. Diogenes Laertius IX.61, IX.67; Democritus, DK 68 B9, B117; SEP “Pyrrho”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
डेमोक्रिटस › लगभग 460–370 ईसा पूर्व
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया 3
एपिकुरुस
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया विवादित ✓
Epicurus’ teacher Nausiphanes had heard Pyrrho, and Epicurus admired Pyrrho’s way of life, often asking about him; any doctrinal debt is disputed (Diogenes Laertius IX.64). Diogenes Laertius IX.64, IX.69, X.8; SEP “Pyrrho”
एपिकुरुस › 341–270 ईसा पूर्व
आर्केसिलाउस
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया विवादित
The Stoic Ariston mocked Arcesilaus as ‘Plato in front, Pyrrho behind, Diodorus in the middle’; how much his suspension of judgement owed to Pyrrho is disputed. Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Pyrrhonism I.234; Diogenes Laertius IV.33; SEP “Arcesilaus”
साक्ष्य: AI मसौदा
आर्केसिलाउस › लगभग 316–241 ईसा पूर्व
सेक्सटस एम्पिरिकस
जिन्हें प्रभावित किया
Sextus called his scepticism Pyrrhonian because Pyrrho seemed to have devoted himself to it more fully than anyone before (Outlines of Pyrrhonism I.7). Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Pyrrhonism I.7; SEP “Sextus Empiricus”; SEP “Pyrrho”
साक्ष्य: InPhO में भी · InPhO
सेक्सटस एम्पिरिकस › लगभग 160–210
मत
Pyrrho is regarded as the founder of Greek scepticism. According to Timon, he taught that things are by nature indistinguishable, unmeasurable and undecidable, so that neither our perceptions nor our opinions are true or false. The fitting response is to remain without opinions, to suspend judgement and to say of each thing that it no more is than is not. The result is not despair but tranquillity (ataraxia), freedom from the worries that firm beliefs bring. Later sceptics such as Aenesidemus and Sextus Empiricus named their movement after him, and through them scepticism reached Montaigne and modern philosophy.
जीवन और संदर्भ
Pyrrho of Elis, originally a painter, accompanied Alexander the Great on his campaign to India together with the philosopher Anaxarchus, and is said to have met Indian ascetics there. Back in Elis he led a quiet life and was held in high esteem by his fellow citizens. He wrote nothing; his ideas were recorded by his pupil Timon of Phlius.
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