بيرو
بما أننا لا نستطيع التيقن من شيء، علينا أن نعلّق الحكم – وهذا الإمساك نفسه يجلب طمأنينة النفس.
التموضع
سمّى الشكّاك المتأخرون مدرستهم باسمه (البيرونية): تعليق الحكم يقود إلى طمأنينة النفس.
الأفكار الرئيسة
- الإيبوخي (تعليق الحكم)
- الأتراكسيا
التأثير
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ديمقريطس
تأثّر بـ
Pyrrho studied with the Democritean Anaxarchus, and Philo of Athens said he cited Democritus most; Democritus’ distrust of the senses is a likely source of his scepticism. Diogenes Laertius IX.61, IX.67; Democritus, DK 68 B9, B117; SEP “Pyrrho”
التوثيق: مسجّل أيضًا في InPhO · InPhO
ديمقريطس › نحو 460–370 ق.م
أثّر في 3
إبيقور
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Epicurus’ teacher Nausiphanes had heard Pyrrho, and Epicurus admired Pyrrho’s way of life, often asking about him; any doctrinal debt is disputed (Diogenes Laertius IX.64). Diogenes Laertius IX.64, IX.69, X.8; SEP “Pyrrho”
إبيقور › 341–270 ق.م
أركسيلاوس
أثّر في مختلف عليها
The Stoic Ariston mocked Arcesilaus as ‘Plato in front, Pyrrho behind, Diodorus in the middle’; how much his suspension of judgement owed to Pyrrho is disputed. Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Pyrrhonism I.234; Diogenes Laertius IV.33; SEP “Arcesilaus”
التوثيق: مسودة بالذكاء الاصطناعي
أركسيلاوس › نحو 316–241 ق.م
سيكستوس إمبيريكوس
أثّر في
Sextus called his scepticism Pyrrhonian because Pyrrho seemed to have devoted himself to it more fully than anyone before (Outlines of Pyrrhonism I.7). Sextus Empiricus, Outlines of Pyrrhonism I.7; SEP “Sextus Empiricus”; SEP “Pyrrho”
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سيكستوس إمبيريكوس › نحو 160–210
الموقف
Pyrrho is regarded as the founder of Greek scepticism. According to Timon, he taught that things are by nature indistinguishable, unmeasurable and undecidable, so that neither our perceptions nor our opinions are true or false. The fitting response is to remain without opinions, to suspend judgement and to say of each thing that it no more is than is not. The result is not despair but tranquillity (ataraxia), freedom from the worries that firm beliefs bring. Later sceptics such as Aenesidemus and Sextus Empiricus named their movement after him, and through them scepticism reached Montaigne and modern philosophy.
الحياة والسياق
Pyrrho of Elis, originally a painter, accompanied Alexander the Great on his campaign to India together with the philosopher Anaxarchus, and is said to have met Indian ascetics there. Back in Elis he led a quiet life and was held in high esteem by his fellow citizens. He wrote nothing; his ideas were recorded by his pupil Timon of Phlius.
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