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达玛丽斯·马沙姆

1659–1708

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

爱我们周围的人和事物是通向爱上帝的道路，宗教必须由理性引导，而女性需要真正的教育。

定位

经验主义、启蒙运动与自由主义 · 北欧 · 认识论, 宗教, 伦理学, 社会与历史, 性别与女性主义

英国哲学家：她反对马勒伯朗士和诺里斯，为爱受造物是通向上帝之路辩护，主张女性教育和宗教中的理性，并与洛克和莱布尼茨通信。

核心思想

  • 通过爱受造物来爱上帝
  • 宗教中的理性
  • 女性的教育

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影响

受影响于 1

  • 约翰·洛克

    受其影响

    Masham’s Occasional Thoughts (1705), written in Locke’s circle at Oates, argues in a Lockean spirit that women must understand the reasons for their religious and moral beliefs. D. Masham, Occasional Thoughts in Reference to a Vertuous or Christian Life (1705); SEP “Lady Damaris Masham”

    依据: AI 草稿

    约翰·洛克 › 1632–1704

批评

相互批评 1

  • 玛丽·阿斯特尔 ⇄ 相互

    批评了

    Masham’s Discourse concerning the Love of God (1696) answered Astell and Norris’s Letters (1695): loving God alone would undermine the love of fellow creatures that society needs. D. Masham, A Discourse concerning the Love of God (1696); M. Astell & J. Norris, Letters concerning the Love of God (1695); SEP “Damaris Cudworth Masham”

    依据: AI 草稿

    受其批评

    In The Christian Religion (1705) Astell defended the love of God as sole good against the anonymous Discourse (1696), which she ascribed to Locke; Masham wrote it. M. Astell, The Christian Religion (1705); D. Masham, A Discourse concerning the Love of God (1696); SEP “Mary Astell”

    依据: AI 草稿

    玛丽·阿斯特尔 › 1666–1731

批评了 2

  • 尼古拉·马勒伯朗士

    批评了

    Masham rejected the view of Malebranche, taken up by Norris, that God alone causes our pleasures and so alone deserves love (Discourse concerning the Love of God, 1696). D. Masham, A Discourse concerning the Love of God (1696); SEP “Damaris Cudworth Masham”

    依据: AI 草稿

    尼古拉·马勒伯朗士 › 1638–1715

  • 戈特弗里德·威廉·莱布尼茨

    批评了

    In letters to Leibniz (1703–1705) Masham questioned his pre-established harmony and defended her father Cudworth’s plastic natures, having known his system from the Journal des savants (1695). Leibniz–Masham correspondence (1703–1705), in Die philosophischen Schriften, ed. C. I. Gerhardt, III; SEP “Lady Damaris Masham”

    依据: AI 草稿

    戈特弗里德·威廉·莱布尼茨 › 1646–1716

作品

  • 1696论对上帝之爱

    反对马勒伯朗士和诺里斯：爱受造物并不与爱上帝相竞争——这正是我们学会爱上帝的方式。

  • 1705关于有德或基督教生活的偶感

    为什么女性必须接受教育，以便就宗教和道德进行推理——以及为什么无知不能保护德性。

立场

Her “Discourse Concerning the Love of God” attacks the view of Malebranche and his English follower John Norris that God is the only proper object of love and that creatures may be used but not loved. Masham argues that we come to love God through loving his creatures and that a religion requiring us to withdraw from human affection is impossible and harmful. “Occasional Thoughts” argues that women must be educated to understand the reasons for their religious and moral beliefs; a virtue based on ignorance is no virtue. She disagreed with Mary Astell, who had taken Norris’s side. Her work is Lockean in spirit, but the arguments are her own.

生平与背景

Damaris Masham (1659–1708), daughter of the Cambridge Platonist Ralph Cudworth, met John Locke in 1682; after her marriage to Sir Francis Masham, Locke lived at the family house at Oates in Essex from 1691 until his death in 1704, and she nursed him in his last years. She published two books anonymously, corresponded with Leibniz about his metaphysics in 1703–1705 and wrote a biographical sketch of Locke.

其他主要作品

  • A Discourse Concerning the Love of God (1696)
  • Occasional Thoughts in Reference to a Vertuous or Christian Life (1705)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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