Damaris Masham
Miłość do ludzi i rzeczy wokół nas jest drogą do miłości Boga, religią musi kierować rozum, a kobiety potrzebują prawdziwego wykształcenia.
Umiejscowienie
Angielska filozofka: wbrew Malebranche’owi i Norrisowi broniła miłości do stworzeń jako drogi do Boga, opowiadała się za kształceniem kobiet i rozumem w religii oraz korespondowała z Locke’em i Leibnizem.
Kluczowe idee
- Miłość Boga przez miłość stworzeń
- Rozum w religii
- Kształcenie kobiet
Wpływ
Pod wpływem 1
John Locke
pod wpływem
Masham’s Occasional Thoughts (1705), written in Locke’s circle at Oates, argues in a Lockean spirit that women must understand the reasons for their religious and moral beliefs. D. Masham, Occasional Thoughts in Reference to a Vertuous or Christian Life (1705); SEP “Lady Damaris Masham”
Źródło: szkic AI
John Locke › 1632–1704
Krytyka
Wzajemna krytyka 1
Mary Astell ⇄ wzajemnie
krytykuje
Masham’s Discourse concerning the Love of God (1696) answered Astell and Norris’s Letters (1695): loving God alone would undermine the love of fellow creatures that society needs. D. Masham, A Discourse concerning the Love of God (1696); M. Astell & J. Norris, Letters concerning the Love of God (1695); SEP “Damaris Cudworth Masham”
Źródło: szkic AI
krytyka ze strony
In The Christian Religion (1705) Astell defended the love of God as sole good against the anonymous Discourse (1696), which she ascribed to Locke; Masham wrote it. M. Astell, The Christian Religion (1705); D. Masham, A Discourse concerning the Love of God (1696); SEP “Mary Astell”
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Mary Astell › 1666–1731
Krytykuje 2
Nicolas Malebranche
krytykuje
Masham rejected the view of Malebranche, taken up by Norris, that God alone causes our pleasures and so alone deserves love (Discourse concerning the Love of God, 1696). D. Masham, A Discourse concerning the Love of God (1696); SEP “Damaris Cudworth Masham”
Źródło: szkic AI
Nicolas Malebranche › 1638–1715
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
krytykuje
In letters to Leibniz (1703–1705) Masham questioned his pre-established harmony and defended her father Cudworth’s plastic natures, having known his system from the Journal des savants (1695). Leibniz–Masham correspondence (1703–1705), in Die philosophischen Schriften, ed. C. I. Gerhardt, III; SEP “Lady Damaris Masham”
Źródło: szkic AI
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz › 1646–1716
Dzieła
Przeciw Malebranche’owi i Norrisowi: miłość do stworzeń nie konkuruje z miłością do Boga – tak właśnie dochodzimy do jego umiłowania.
Dlaczego kobiety muszą być kształcone, by rozumować o religii i moralności – i dlaczego ignorancja nie chroni cnoty.
Stanowisko
Her “Discourse Concerning the Love of God” attacks the view of Malebranche and his English follower John Norris that God is the only proper object of love and that creatures may be used but not loved. Masham argues that we come to love God through loving his creatures and that a religion requiring us to withdraw from human affection is impossible and harmful. “Occasional Thoughts” argues that women must be educated to understand the reasons for their religious and moral beliefs; a virtue based on ignorance is no virtue. She disagreed with Mary Astell, who had taken Norris’s side. Her work is Lockean in spirit, but the arguments are her own.
Życie i kontekst
Damaris Masham (1659–1708), daughter of the Cambridge Platonist Ralph Cudworth, met John Locke in 1682; after her marriage to Sir Francis Masham, Locke lived at the family house at Oates in Essex from 1691 until his death in 1704, and she nursed him in his last years. She published two books anonymously, corresponded with Leibniz about his metaphysics in 1703–1705 and wrote a biographical sketch of Locke.
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