陆九渊（陆象山）

Agora

陆九渊（陆象山）

1139–1193

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

万物之理不在书本和对象之中，而在你自己的心里——所以先向内看。

定位

东亚哲学 · 东亚 · 伦理学, 认识论, 形而上学

朱熹的大论敌：理不是通过研究外在的事物得到的，而就在自己的心中——“宇宙便是吾心”。

核心思想

心即理
与朱熹的鹅湖之辩
先立乎其大者

在星图中打开

影响

受影响于 2

孟子

受其影响
Lu Jiuyuan said he learned the Way by reading the Mencius on his own, taking from it the original mind (benxin) and the rule of securing first what is greater in us. Lu Jiuyuan, Xiangshan quanji, recorded sayings; W.-t. Chan, A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy (1963)
依据: AI 草稿
孟子 › 约公元前372—前289年年
程颢

受其影响
Lu Jiuyuan named Mencius, not the Cheng brothers, as his source; Feng Youlan (1934) read Cheng Hao as forerunner of Lu’s learning of the mind (xinxue). Feng Youlan, Zhongguo zhexue shi II (1934), tr. D. Bodde, A History of Chinese Philosophy II (1953)
依据: AI 草稿
程颢 › 1032–1085

影响了 1

王阳明

影响了
Prefacing Lu Jiuyuan’s collected works (1520), Wang Yangming declared that the learning of the sages is the learning of the mind, placing Lu in its line. Wang Yangming, Xiangshan wenji xu (1520); W.-t. Chan, Instructions for Practical Living (1963); SEP “Wang Yangming”
依据: AI 草稿
王阳明 › 1472–1529

批评

相互批评 1

朱熹 ⇄ 相互

批评了
Lu Jiuyuan held that Zhu Xi’s path of study and investigating things was fragmented, since the mind itself is principle (Goose Lake meeting, 1175; letters of 1188). Lu Jiuyuan, Xiangshan quanji; W.-t. Chan, Chu Hsi: New Studies, 1989
依据: AI 草稿
受其批评
Zhu Xi faulted Lu Jiuyuan for neglecting study and the investigation of things and for leaning towards Chan Buddhism, as at the Goose Lake meeting of 1175. Zhu Xi, Zhuzi yulei 124; W.-t. Chan, Chu Hsi: New Studies, 1989
依据: AI 草稿
朱熹 › 1130–1200

立场

Lu Jiuyuan held that the heart-mind is principle (xin ji li): moral principles are not outside things to be studied piecemeal but are fully present in the original mind that, as Mencius taught, everyone has. Hence his saying that the universe is my mind, and my mind the universe. The task is to “establish the great foundation” by recovering this mind; study is secondary – the classics, he said, are footnotes to the self. At Goose Lake he called Zhu Xi’s method fragmented, while Zhu found Lu’s approach too simple and close to Chan Buddhism. Wang Yangming took up his teaching, hence the Lu–Wang school.

生平与背景

Lu Jiuyuan was born in 1139 in Jinxi (Jiangxi), the youngest of six brothers in a large family that kept a common household. He passed the jinshi examination in 1172 and soon attracted many students. In 1175 he debated with Zhu Xi at the Goose Lake Temple. From 1187 he taught on Elephant Mountain (Xiangshan), which gave him his name; he died in 1193 as prefect of Jingmen.