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尼古拉·哥白尼

1473–1543

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

地球不是宇宙的中心；它像其他行星一样围绕太阳运动。

定位

自然科学与人文科学 · 东欧 · 科学

日心的世界观——“哥白尼式革命”，康德把它当作自己哲学的隐喻。

核心思想

  • 日心说

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影响

受影响于 2

  • 毕达哥拉斯

    受其影响

    In the dedication of De revolutionibus (1543) Copernicus cited Pythagorean precedents for a moving earth and the Pythagoreans’ practice of passing on doctrine only to friends. N. Copernicus, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543), dedication to Paul III; SEP “Nicolaus Copernicus”; SEP “Pythagoreanism”

    依据: AI 草稿

    毕达哥拉斯 › 相传 约公元前570—前495年年

  • 纳西尔丁·图西

    受其影响 存在争议 ✓

    Copernicus used the same construction as the Tusi couple in De revolutionibus (1543); whether he knew al-Tusi’s work, perhaps through Byzantine channels, is disputed. N. Copernicus, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543); F. J. Ragep, “Copernicus and His Islamic Predecessors”, History of Science 45 (2007); G. Saliba, Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance (2007); SEP “Nicolaus Copernicus”

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata

    纳西尔丁·图西 › 1201–1274

影响了 3

  • 乔尔丹诺·布鲁诺

    影响了 ✓

    Bruno took up Copernicus’ moving earth but read it beyond astronomy as a step to an infinite universe with countless worlds (La cena de le ceneri, 1584). G. Bruno, La cena de le ceneri (1584); De l’infinito, universo e mondi (1584); SEP “Giordano Bruno”

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata · InPhO

    乔尔丹诺·布鲁诺 › 1548–1600

  • 伽利略·伽利莱

    影响了

    Galileo defended Copernicus’ heliocentric system with telescopic evidence (Sidereus nuncius, 1610) and in the Dialogo (1632), which led to his condemnation in 1633. Galileo, Sidereus nuncius (1610); Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo (1632); SEP “Galileo Galilei”; SEP “Nicolaus Copernicus”

    依据: AI 草稿

    伽利略·伽利莱 › 1564–1642

  • 艾萨克·牛顿

    影响了

    Newton gave the Copernican arrangement of the planets a dynamical basis by deriving planetary motion around the sun from universal gravitation (Principia, 1687). I. Newton, Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica (1687); SEP “Newton’s Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica”; SEP “Nicolaus Copernicus”

    依据: AI 草稿

    艾萨克·牛顿 › 1643–1727

作品

立场

Copernicus was not a philosopher in the narrow sense, but his idea transformed philosophy. Dissatisfied with the complicated Ptolemaic system, he proposed that the sun, not the earth, stands near the centre, and that the earth rotates daily and orbits the sun yearly. Many apparent irregularities of planetary motion then became simple consequences of our own movement. The theory displaced humanity from the centre of the cosmos and showed that appearances can deceive about the true order of things. Kepler, Galileo and Newton completed the revolution, and Kant later called his own philosophical turn a “Copernican” one.

生平与背景

Born in 1473 in Toruń, Copernicus studied in Kraków and in Italy, at Bologna, Padua and Ferrara, where he took a doctorate in canon law. He spent most of his life as a canon of Frombork Cathedral in Warmia, working as administrator, physician and economic adviser. Persuaded by his pupil Rheticus, he finally published his main work in 1543, the year of his death.

其他主要作品

  • Commentariolus (c. 1510)
  • On the Minting of Coin (1526)
  • On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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