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高尔吉亚

约公元前483—前376年年

初步了解有意简化——人物介绍讲得更多

没有什么能被证明存在、被认识或被传达——这使得有说服力的言辞，而不是真理，成为支配人的真正力量。

定位

古希腊哲学 · 南欧 · 语言, 认识论

来自伦蒂尼的智者、修辞大师：无物存在；即使有，也不可认识；即使可认识，也无法传达给他人。

核心思想

  • 论非存在
  • 言说（逻各斯）的力量
  • 修辞术

学生: 安提斯泰尼

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影响

受影响于 3

  • 巴门尼德

    受其影响

    In On Not-Being Gorgias turned Parmenides’ form of argument against Eleatic being: nothing is; if it were, it could not be known; if known, not communicated. Sextus Empiricus, Against the Logicians I.65–87; pseudo-Aristotle, On Melissus, Xenophanes and Gorgias; IEP “Gorgias”

    依据: AI 草稿

    巴门尼德 › 约公元前515—前450年年

  • 恩培多克勒

    受其影响 ✓

    In Plato’s Meno Socrates defines colour ‘in the manner of Gorgias’ with Empedocles’ effluences and pores; ancient tradition makes Gorgias Empedocles’ pupil (Meno 76c–e; Diogenes Laertius VIII.58). Plato, Meno 76c–e; Diogenes Laertius VIII.58 (Satyrus); IEP “Gorgias”

    依据: 亦见于 Wikidata · Wikidata · InPhO

    恩培多克勒 › 约公元前494—前434年年

  • 埃利亚的芝诺

    受其影响

    Gorgias’ On Not-Being reworked Zeno’s method of deriving contradictions from a thesis; the version in the pseudo-Aristotelian MXG draws on arguments of Zeno and Melissus. pseudo-Aristotle, On Melissus, Xenophanes and Gorgias (Gorgias section); R. Ioli, ‘Between Eleatics and Atomists: Gorgias’ Argument against Motion’, Archai 31 (2021); IEP “Gorgias”

    依据: AI 草稿

    埃利亚的芝诺 › 约公元前490—前430年年

影响了 1

  • 安提斯泰尼 教过

    教过 后世传述

    Known only from later tradition (Diogenes Laertius 6.1), which ties it to the rhetorical style of his dialogues; the report may be an inference from that style. Diogenes Laertius 6.1

    依据: AI 草稿

    安提斯泰尼 › 约公元前445—前365年年

作品

  • 约公元前440年年论非存在

    无物存在；即使有物存在，也无法被认识；即使能被认识，也无法被传达。

  • 约公元前415年年海伦颂

    一篇修辞学的炫技之作，为海伦洗脱罪责，并称颂言辞是“强大的君主”。

立场

In On Non-Being Gorgias turned the arguments of the Eleatics against themselves: nothing exists; if anything existed, it could not be known; and if it could be known, it could not be communicated, since words are not the things they name. Whether this was meant seriously or as brilliant parody remains disputed. His Encomium of Helen praises speech as a “mighty lord” that acts on the soul as drugs act on the body, calming fear, kindling joy and persuading against one’s will. Plato answered him in the dialogue named after him, criticizing rhetoric without knowledge; yet Gorgias’ ornate prose shaped Greek and later European oratory.

生平与背景

Gorgias came from Leontini in Sicily and, according to ancient tradition, studied with Empedocles. In 427 BCE he led an embassy from his city to Athens, where his dazzling speeches caused a sensation. He then taught rhetoric for high fees across Greece; Isocrates was among his pupils. He is said to have lived past a hundred and to have died in Thessaly.

其他主要作品

  • On Non-Being (c. 440 BCE, lost; paraphrased by Sextus Empiricus)
  • Encomium of Helen (c. 415 BCE)
  • Defence of Palamedes (late 5th century BCE)

来源: Wikipedia · Wikidata

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