恩培多克勒
万物由四种元素构成——土、水、气和火——而爱与恨这两种力量不断使它们混合与分离。
定位
四种元素在爱与恨的推动下，解释了事物的生成与消亡。
核心思想
- 四元素说
- 爱与恨
影响
受影响于 2
毕达哥拉斯
受其影响 ✓
Empedocles took up Pythagorean transmigration and the ban on killing animals (DK 31 B117, B137); the sage praised in B129 is often taken to be Pythagoras. Empedocles, DK 31 B117, B129, B137; Porphyry, Life of Pythagoras (quoting B129); SEP “Empedocles”
毕达哥拉斯 › 相传 约公元前570—前495年年
影响了 3
高尔吉亚
影响了 ✓
In Plato’s Meno Socrates defines colour ‘in the manner of Gorgias’ with Empedocles’ effluences and pores; ancient tradition makes Gorgias Empedocles’ pupil (Meno 76c–e; Diogenes Laertius VIII.58). Plato, Meno 76c–e; Diogenes Laertius VIII.58 (Satyrus); IEP “Gorgias”
高尔吉亚 › 约公元前483—前376年年
亚里士多德
卢克莱修
影响了
Lucretius praised Empedocles’ philosophical poem as the model for his own, while rejecting his four elements as first beginnings (De rerum natura I.705–829). Lucretius, De rerum natura I.705–829 (praise at 716–733); SEP “Lucretius”
依据: AI 草稿
卢克莱修 › 约公元前99—前55年年
立场
Empedocles sought to reconcile Parmenides’ claim that nothing comes from nothing with the evident change in the world. His solution: there are four eternal “roots” – earth, water, air and fire – which never perish but mix and separate. Two cosmic forces move them: Love, which unites, and Strife, which divides, prevailing in turn in an endless cycle. What we call birth and death is merely mixture and separation. His doctrine of the four elements dominated Western natural philosophy and medicine until the early modern period, while his poem on purification joined it to a teaching of the soul’s transmigration.
生平与背景
Empedocles came from Akragas (Agrigento) in Sicily and was active in the fifth century BCE as a statesman, physician, poet and self-styled miracle worker. Legend has it that he died by leaping into the crater of Etna. He wrote in hexameter verse; considerable fragments of his poems survive, some recovered only in the late 1990s from a papyrus.
主要作品
- On Nature (c. 450 BCE)
- Purifications (c. 450 BCE)
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